/  u 


S.  R.  S.  Doc.  40. 

U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE, 

STATES  RELATIONS  SERVICE. 
A.  C.  TRUE,  Director. 


COOPERATIVE  AGRICULTURAL  EXTENSION  WORK. 

ORGANIZATION  AND  FINANCES. 

Extension  work  is  that  phase  of  instruction  which  is  carried  on 
among  people  who  are  not  resident  students  at  an  educational  insti- 
tution. During  the  past  15  years  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  the  State  agricultural  colleges  have  been  developing 
special  methods  of  agricultural  extension  work,  and  this  circular  is 
written  to  explain  briefly  the  organization  and  financing  of  the  exten- 
sion work  now  being  carried  on  cooperatively  by  the  department  and 
the  colleges. 

COOPERATIVE  AGRICULTURAL  EXTENSION  ACT. 

A  permanent  nation-wide  system  of  agricultural  extension  work  to 
be  carried  on  by  the  State  agricultural  colleges  in  cooperation  with 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  was  provided  for  by  Congress  in  the 
cooperative  agricultural  extension  act  of  May  8,  1914  (see  p.  34). 
This  extension  work  includes  practical  instruction  and  demonstra- 
tions in  agriculture  and  home  economics  given  to  persons  not  attend- 
ing or  resident  in  colleges  in  the  several  commimities  and  the  imparting 
of  information  through  field  demonstrations,  publications,  and  other- 
wise, the  work  to  be  carried  on  in  such  manner  as  may  be  mutually 
agreed  upon  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  and  the  State  agricul- 
tural colleges. 

In  order  to  provide  a  comprehensive  basis  for  the  cooperative 
agricultural  extension  work  in  the  several  States  a  general  memo- 
randum of  understanding  between  the  department  and  the  colleges 
was  drawn  up.  This  memorandum  provides  that  each  college  shall 
organize  and  maintain  a  definite  and  distinct  administrative  division 
for  the  management  and  conduct  of  extension  work  in  agriculture 
and  home  economics,  in  charge  of  a  responsible  director  selected  by 
the  college  and  acceptable  to  the  United  States  Department  of  Agri- 

2S942°— IS 1 


culture;  shall  administer  through  the  extension  division  thus  organ- 
ized any  and  all  funds  received  for  such  work  from  appropriations 
made  by  Congress  or  the  State  legislature,  by  allotment  from  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  college,  or  from  any  other  source;  and  shall 
cooperate  with  the  department  in  all  extension  work  in  agriculture 
and  home  economics  which  the  department  is  authorized  by  Congress 
to  conduct  in  the  States. 

ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  EXTENSION  WORK  IN  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF 

AGRICULTURE. 

The  States  Relations  Service  represents  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture in  the  administration  and  general  supervision  of  all  its  cooper- 
ative extension  work  in  agriculture  and  home  economics.  This 
involves  relations  with  the  State  agricultural  colleges  and  the  different 
bureaus  of  the  department.  Before  any  work  requiring  the  expendi- 
ture of  the  cooperative  agricultural  extension  funds  is  undertaken  in 
a  State  the  act  requires  that  the  plans  for  work  shall  have  the  ap- 
proval of  the  Secret ary  of  Agriculture.  The  director  of  extension 
of  the  college  must  submit  detailed  projects  covering  each  line  of 
extension  work,  with  proposed  allotment  of  funds  for  each,  for 
approval  by  the  department.  After  approval  of  the  projects  the 
State  is  certified  by  the  department  to  the  United  States  Treasurer 
as  entitled  to  receive  its  funds. 

In  addition  to  the  funds  provided  by  the  cooperative  agricultural 
extension  act,  Congress  makes  direct  appropriations  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  for  certain  extension  activities,  the  most  impor- 
tant of  which  are  farmers'  cooperative  demonstration  work  (including 
the  county-agent  work,  home-demonstration  work,  boys'  and  girls' 
club  work,  and  farm-management  demonstrations),  carried  on 
through  the  States  Relations  Service,  and  the  several  lines  of  exten- 
sion work  carried  on  by  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry,  the  Bureau  of  Markets,  and  the  Office  of  Farm 
Management.  The  farmers'  cooperative  demonstration  work  and 
other  extension  work  of  the  States  Relations  Service  is  administered 
through  the  Office  of  Extension  Work  in  the  South  for  the  Southern 
States,  and  the  Office  of  Extension  Work  in  the  North  and  West  for 
the  Northern  and  Western  States.  The  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry 
is  conducting  extension  work  in  dairying,'  animal  husbandry,  hog- 
cholera  prevention,  boys'  pig  clubs,  and  boys'  and  girls'  poultry 
clubs.  The  Bureau  of  Markets  is  carrying  on  extension  work  in 
marketing  and  the  organization  of  farmers  to  assist  in  the  solution 
of  various  marketing  problems.  The  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  is 
carrying  on  extension  work  in  relation  to  plant  diseases  and  disease- 
resisting  strains  of  plants.  The  Bureau  of  Soils,  Forest  Service, 
Bureau  of  Entomology,  Bureau  of  Biological  Survey,  Office  of  Public 


Roads  and  Rural  Engineering,  and  the  Office  of  Farm  Management 
are  also  cooperating  with  the  States  in  carrying  to  the  people  the 
discoveries  made  in  connection  with  their  investigational  work. 

ORGANIZATION  IN  THE  STATES. 

The  organization  established  in  most  State  agricultural  colleges 
consists  of  an  extension  division,  at  the  head  of  which  is  a  director 
who  is  in  charge  of  all  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work  in  the 
Sta  to.  Under  this  director  there  generally  are  men  in  charge  of  various 
lines  of  work.  In  some  States  a  State  leader  has  charge  of  county- 
agent  work  and  boys '  and  girls '  club  work,  the  agents  in  charge  of  club 
work  being  subordinate  to  him;  in  other  States  there  is  a  separate 
State  leader  for  the  club  work.  The  number  of  officers  assisting  the 
director  varies  with  the  size  of  the  State  and  the  development  of 
extension  activities.  In  addition  to  the  supervising  agents  specialists 
are  engaged  in  conducting  extension  schools  and  in  other  ways  coop- 
erating with  the  county  agents  in  the  instruction  of  farmers  and  their 
families. 

MONEY     AVAILABLE     UNDER    THE     COOPERATIVE     AGRICULTURAL 

EXTENSION  ACT. 

The  cooperative  agricultural  extension  act  provided  that  each  State 
should  receive  $10,000  annually  for  cooperative  extension  work  in 
agriculture  and  home  economics,  making  a  total  of  $480,000  per 
annum,  beginning  with  the  fiscal  year  1914-15.  For  the  fiscal  year 
1915-16  it  provided  for  $600,000  additional  to  be  distributed  among 
the  several  States  in  the  proportion  that  the  rural  population  of  each 
State  bears  to  the  total  population  of  all  the  States,  as  determined 
by  the  last  census.  This  amount  is  to  be  increased  by  $500,000  each 
year  until  the  fiscal  year  1922-23,  when  the  total  amount  reaches 
$4,580,000.  This  additional  appropriation  does  not  become  available 
to  a  State  until  an  equal  amount  has  been  appropriated  by  the 
legislature  of  that  State  or  provided  by  State,  county,  college,  local, 
or  individual  contributions  from  within  the  State.  The  aggregate 
sums  thus  required  to  be  provided  by  the  States  will  be  $4,100,000 
for  the  fiscal  year  1922-23,  and  annually  thereafter. 

The  table  following  indicates  the  amounts  the  individual  States 
will  receive  from  the  Federal  appropriation  under  the  cooperative 
agricultural  extension  act,  provided  the  terms  of  the  act  are  com- 
plied with. 


Maximum  amounts  of  Federal  funds  which  each  State  is  eligible  to  receive  under  the  Smith- 
Lever  Act  for  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work.1 


Stale. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Ceorgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina.. 
North  Dakota... 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina.. 
South  Dakota... 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia... 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Rural 
population 
census  1910 


1,767,662 

111,094 

1,371,768 

907,810 

394, 184 

114,917 

105, 237 

533, 539 

2,070,471 

255, 696 

2,161,662 

1,557,041 

1,544,717 

1,197,159 

1,734,463 

1,159,872 

360,928 

637, 154 

211,049 

1,4 S3, 129 

1,225,414 

1,589,803 

1,984,518 

242,633 

8S1,362 

68, 508 

175, 473 

629, 957 

280, 720 

1, 928, 120 

1.887,813 

513,820 

2,101,97S 

1, 337,  000 

305, 705 

3,034,442 

17,956 

1,290,568 

507,  215 

1,743,744 

2,958,438 

200,417 

187,013 

1,585,083 

536, 460 

992, 877 

1,329,540 

102, 744 


Proportion 

of  total 

rural 

population 

census  1910 


Per  cent. 
3. 5819096 

.2859112 
2. 7797346 
1.  8395750 

. 7987699 

. 2328665 

. 2132510 
1.0811572 
4. 19557S2 

. 5181394 
4.3803666 
3. 1551697 
3. 1301965 
2. 4259090 
3. 5146956 
2. 3503511 

. 7313803 
1.2911214 

. 4884589 
3.0053953 
2. 4K31G46 
3. 2215582 
3. 8390291 

. 4916687 
1. 7859817 

. 1388238 

. 3555764 
1.2765375 

. 5688682 
3.9071198 
3.8254422 
1. 0411988 
4.2594237 
2. 7092S12 

.  7410603 
6. 1489578 

. 0363858 
2.6151919 
1.0278145 
3. 5335025 
5. 9949442 

. 4061227 

.3789609 
3. 2119937 
1.0870763 
2. 0119543 
2. 6941643 

. 2081992 


Total 49,348,883     99.9999999 


Fiscal 

year 

1914-15. 


$10, 000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10, 000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10, 000 
10, 000 
10, 000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10, 000 
10,000 
10, 000 
10,000 
10,000 
10, 000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10, 000 
10,000 
10.000 
10, 000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10, 000 
10, 000 
10,000 
10.000 
10,000 
10.000 

io;  ooo 

10.000 


Fiscal  vear     Fiscal  year     Fiscal  vear 
1915-16.  1916-17.  1917-18. 


$31,491.82 
11,715.47 
26,678.41 
21,037.45 
14,792.62 
11,397.20 
11,279.51 
16,486.94 
35,173.47 
13, 108. 84 
36,282.20 
28,931.02 
28,781.18 
24,555.45 
31,088.17 
24,102  11 
14,388.28 
17,746.73 
12,930.75 
28,032.37 
24,898.99 
29,329.35 
33,034.17 
12, 950. 01 
20, 715.  89 
10, 832. 94 
12, 133. 46 
17,659.22 
13,413.20 
33, 442.  72 
32,952.65 
16,247.19 
35, 556.  54 
26, 255.  69 
14, 446. 36 
46,  893. 75 
10,218.31 
25,691.15 
16, 166. 89 
31,201.01 
45, 969.  67 
12, 436.  74 
12, 273. 77 
29,271.96 
16,  522.  46 
22,071.73 
26,164.99 
11,249.20 


$49, 401. 67 
13, 145. 03 
40, 577. 08 
30,235.33 
18,786.47 
12,561.53 
12,345.76 
21,892.73 
56,151.36 
15, 699. 54 
58,184.03 
44, 706.  87 
44,432.16 
36, 685. 00 
48,661.65 
35,853.87 
18,045.18 
24,202,34 
15,373.04 
43,059.35 
37,314.81 
45,  437. 14 
52, 229. 32 
15, 408. 35 
29,645.80 
11,527.06 
13,911.34 
24,041.91 
16,257.54 
52,978.32 
52,079.86 
21,453.18 
56, 853. 66 
39, 802. 10  i 
18, 151. 66 
77,638.54 
10, 400.  24 
38,767.11 
21,305.96 
48, 868.  52 
75,944.39 
14,467.35 
14, 168.  57 
45, 331. 93 
21,957.84 
32, 131. 50 
39, 635.  81 
12, 290.  20 


$67,311.52 
14,574.59 
51,475.75 
39, 433. 21 

22. 780. 32 
13, 725. 86 
13,412.01 
27, 298. 52 
77, 129.  25 
18, 290. 24 
80,085.86 
60, 482.  72 
60,083.14 
48,  SI  4.  55 
66,235.13 
47,  C05.  63 
21, 702. 08 
30,657.95 
17,815.33 

58. 086. 33 
49, 730. 63 
61,544.93 
71,424.47 
17, 866. 69 
38, 575. 71 
12,221.18 
15, 689.  22 
30,424.60 
19,101.88 
72,513.92 
71,207.07 
26, 659. 17 
78, 150.  78 
53, 348. 51 
21, 856. 96 

108, 383. 33 
10,  582. 17 
51,843.07 
26, 445. 03 
66,536.03 

105,919.11 
16, 497. 96 
16,063.37 
61,391.90 
27,393.22 
42, 191.  27 
53, 106.  63 
13,331.20 


Fiscal  vears 
1918-19, 
1919-20.a 
Add  the 
following 
amounts  to 
those  of  the 
year  im- 
mediately 
preceding. 


480,000    1,080,000.00    1,580,000.00  12,080,000.00 


$17,909.85 

1,429.56 

13;  898. 67 

9,197.88 

3,993.85 

1,164.33 

1, 066.  25 

5, 405. 79 

20, 977.  89 

2, 590.  70 

21,901.83 

15,  775.  85 

15,  C50.  98 

12, 129.  55 

17,573.48 

11,751.76 

3, 656. 90 

6,  455.  61 

2. 442. 29 
15, 026.  98 
12, 415.  82 
16, 107.  79 
19, 195. 15 

2,  45S.  34 

8,929.91 

691.12 

1,777.88 

6,382.69 

2,844.34 

19, 535. 60 

19,127.21 

5, 205.  99 

21,297.12 

13,546.41 

3. 705. 30 
30,744.79 

181.93 
13,075.96 

5. 139. 07 
17,667.51 
29, 974.  72 

2,030.61 

1,894.80 
16,059.97 

5, 435. 38 
10,059.77 
13, 470. 82 

1,041.00 

500,000.00 


1  Each  State  must  duplicate  all  Federal  money  above  $10,000  per  year. 

5  After  1920  the  allotments  are  to  be  based  on  the  returns  for  rural  population  of  the  Fourteenth  Census. 

The  totals  for  each  State  contain  the  basic  $10,000  granted  each 
year.  To  obtain  the  amount  that  the  State  would  have  to  duplicate 
in  any  year  to  receive  its  entire  Federal  quota,  subtract  $10,000  from 
the  total.  Example:  The  amount  Alabama  has  to  have  to  duplicate 
in  1916-17  is  $49,401.16  minus  $10,000,  or  $39,401.16. 

The  States  have  supplied  the  money  necessary  to  offset  the  Federal 
Smith-Lever  funds  mainly  through  direct  appropriation.  Of  the 
$600,000  required  of  the  States  in  1915-16,  approximately  $460,000 


was  provided  by  direct  State  appropriations,  $68,000  by  county 
appropriations.  $38,000  from  funds  under  the  direct  control  of  the 
colleges,  $22,000  from  local  sources,  and  $12,000  from  miscellaneous 
sources.  The  $1,100,000  required  for  1916-17  was  obtained  from  the 
following  sources:  $904,000  from  State  appropriations,  $84,000  from 
county  appropriations.  $64,000  from  college  appropriations,  and 
$48,000  from  local  contributions.  In  1917-18  the  States  have  con- 
tributed $1,241,000,  the  counties  203,000,  the  colleges  $83,000,  and 
the  local  organizations  $72,000.  Although  the  amounts  received 
from  funds  other  than  those  directly  appropriated  by  the  States 
have  increased,  their  relative  importance  has  remained  practically 
the  same.  The  following  table  indicates  the  sources  of  offset  in 
the  individual  States: 

Table  II.— Source*  of  offset  to  Federal  Smith-Leva-  funds,  1915-16, 1916-17,  and  1917-18. 


State. 

Total. 

State. 

County. 

College. 

Local. 

Miscella- 
neous. 

Alabama: 

1915-16 

$21,491.82 
39.401.67 
57,311.52 

1 .  715.  47 
3.145.03 
4,574.59 

16.678.41 
30,577.08 

44,475. 75 

11,037. 45 

23.  235.  33 
29,433.21 

4.792.62 
8,786.47 

12,7S0.32 

1 .  397.  20 
2,561.53 
3,  725.  86 

1,279.51 
2,345.76 
3,412.01 

6, 486.  94 
11,892.73 
17,298.52 

25, 173.  47 
46,151.36 
67, 129.  25 

3,108.84 

5, 699.  54 
8, 290.  24 

26,282.20 
48,184.03 

70,085.86 

18,931.02 
34, 706.  87 
50,482.72 

18,781.18 

34,432.16 
50,083.14 

$5,000.00 

29,325.00 
46,909.85 

1.715.47 
3',  145.  03 
4,574.59 

16,678.41 

27.177.08 
31,975.75 

11,037.45 
20,235.33 

815,000.00 
10,076.67 
10,401.67 

81,491.82 

1916-17 

1917-18... 

Arizona: 

1915-16 

1916-17   .. 

1917-18... 

Arkai:- 

1915-16 

1916-17... 

3 .  400.  00 

1917-18 

12, 500. 00 

California: 

1915-16 



1916-17 

1917-18 

$29, 433.  21 

Colorado: 

1915-16 

4,792.62 

^.786.47 

12, 780.  32 

1,397.20 
2,561.53 

1916-17 

1917-1^ 

Connecticut: 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

3,725.  S6 

Delaware: 

1915-16 

1.279.51 
2;  345.  76 
3,412.01 

6,486.94 
11.892.73 
17, 29S.  52 

25, 173.  47 
46,151.36 
67, 129.  25 

3, 108.  84 
5,699.54 
8,290.24 

1916-17 

1917-18 



:::::::::::: 

Florida: 

1915-16 

1916-17 



1917-18 

Georgia: 

1915-16 

1916-17 

. 

1917-18 

Idaho: 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Illinois: 

1915-16 

5,400.00 

20,882.20 
48, 184.  03 
70,085.86 

1916-17 



1917-18 

Indiana: 

1915-16 

18,931.02 
34, 706.  87 
50,482.72 

18,781.18 
34,432.16 
50,083.14 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Iowa: 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 





Table   II. — Sources  c 

/  of  set   to  Ftdcrcd  Smith-Lever 
191 7-18— Continued. 

fundi,   1915-16,  1916-17, 

State. 

Total. 

State. 

County. 

CoU 

T  oral 

Local.             neo 

Kansas 
1915-16 

556. 45 

26.685.00 
38.^ 

21,088.17 

38,661.65 
56,235.13 

14.102.11 
25,8 

37, 605.  63 

4.T- 

8,045.18 
li;.702.08 

7.  746.  73 
14,202.34 

20,657.95 

2.930.75 
5,373.04 

-15.33 

in.  032.  37 

33.059.35 

'86.33 

14.^98.99 
27. 314.  81 
39, 730. 63 

19.329.35 

51, 544. 93 

23.034.17 
42.229.32 
61,424.47 

2.950.01 
5,408.35 

V- 

10, 715.  89 

19,6 

28,57 

832. 94 
1,527 

2, 221. IS 

2, 133. 46 
3,911.34 
5,689.22 

7,659.22 
14,041.91 
20,424.60 

3,413.20 
6,257.54 
9,101.88 

23,442.72 
42,978.32 

62, 513. 92 

22,952.65 
42,079.86 
61,207.07 

6,247.19 
11,453. 1^ 
16,659.17 

25.  5.56.  54 
46, 853.  66 
68, 150.  78 

814." 

38,814. :. j 

12,000.00 
19,000.00 

21,235.13 

14.094.00 
2).  000. 00 
25,000.00 

4,38 
8,04£ 

11,702.08 

1 .  800.  00 
14,202.34 

20, 657.  95 

2.930.75 
5,373.04 
7,  815.  33 

1916  17 

lcil7-l* 

Kentucky: 

10i.5_i6  .            

88.17 

5,0. 
20, 0 1 



1916-17 

$14.  , 
15, 000. 00 



1917-18  . 



Louisiana: 

1915-16 

1916-17 

$53.87 

12, 605.  63 

1917-18 



Maine: 

1915-16 

' 

1916-17 

1917-18  .. 

Mar  viand: 
1915-16 



3,000.00 

2,946.73 

1916-17 



;;;  ■; 

1917-18 



Massachusetts: 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-ls. .               

Michigan: 

1 915-16 

1  .'2.37 
29     59 
38,081 

1916-17 

3,4 

10,000.00 

1917-18 

Minnesota: 

191.5-16 

14,898:99 
27:314.81 

39, 730. 63 

5,000.00 

15.053.33 
17,900.00 

23,034.17 
42. 229.  32 
33;  964.  47 

2,950.01 
5,4 

7.  - 

10,715.89 

19, 

28, 575.  71 

832.94 
1.527.06 
2,221.18 

2.133.46 
3,900.00 
5,639.22 

7, 659.  22 
14,041.91 
20, 424.  60 

3,400.00 
6.257.54 
9, 101.  88 

23,442.72 
23, 600.  00 
62, 513.  92 

11,476  65 



1916-17 





1917-18... 

::::::       :::::::::::: 

-ippi: 
1915-16 

14.329.35 

20,38 

33,644.93 



1916-17     . 

1917-18 



Missouri: 

1915-16 



1916-17 



1917-18 

27,4 

Montana: 

1915-16 





1916-17 

.....::.::: 

1917-1^ 

Nebraska: 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 



Nevada: 

1915-16 



1916-17 

1917-1X... 



; : 

New  Hampshire: 

1915-16 

1916-17 

11.34 

1917-18 

New  Jersey: 

1915-16 

1916-17 

■ 

1917-18 



New  Mexico: 

1915-16 

13.20 



1916-17 



1917-18 

New  York: 

1915-16 

1916-17 

19,378.32 

1917-18 

North  Carolina: 

1915-16 



U.  476. 00 

1916-17 

42.  ( < 
61,207.07 

6,236.00 
11.453.18 
16  659. 17 



1917-18 

Norrh  Dakota: 

1915-16 

11.19 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Ohio: 

1915-16 

25.556.54 
46, 853.  66 
68, 150.  78 

: 

1916-17 

1917-18 





I 

' 

Table  II.     Sources  of  offset   to  Federal  Smith-Lever  fimds,   m5-16,  1916-17,  and 

1917-18— Continued. 


State. 

Total. 

State. 

County. 

College. 

Local. 

Miscella- 
neous. 

Oklahoma: 

1915-lli 

$16, 255.  69 
29,802.10 

as.  si 

4 .  146. 36 

8, 151.  66 

11,856.96 

36.893.75 
638.54 

•K  383. 33 

218.31 

»0. 24 
582.17 

15,691.15 
28,767.11 

41.843.07 

6.166.89 
11.305.96 
16.445.03 

21 .  201. 01 

56,536.03 

35.969.67 
65.944.39 
95,919.11 

2,436.74 
4,467.35 
6,497.96 

2.273.77 
4,168.57 

6,063.37 

19,271.96 
35.331.93 
51,391.90 

6,522.46 
11,957.84 
17,393.22 

12.071.73 
22.131.50 
32,191.27 

16,164.99 
29,635  81 

43, 106.  63 

1.249.20 
2, 290.  20 
3,331.20 

600,000.00 
1,100,000.00 
1,600,000.00 

816.255.69 
29,802.10 
43,348.51 

1.  446.  36 
8,151.66 

11,8-56.96 

1916  17 

i°<17  lb 

Oregon: 

VI 6 

1916-17 



ltl7  18 



Pennsylvania: 

1915-16 

$20,000.00 
30)000.00 

50,000.00 

116,893.75 



1916-17 

37,638.54 

48, 383. 33 

191 7-1 S 

Rhode  is 
1915-16 

218.31 

400.24 

191^-17 

1917-18 

588.17 

South  Carolina: 
1915-16 

15,691.15 
28, 767. 11 
41,843.07 

6, 166.  89 
11,305.96 
16,445.03 

21,201.01 

38,^ 

38,000.00 

35,969.67 
65.944.39 
95,919.11 

2,436.74 
4,467.35 

6,497.96 

2,273.77 
4,168.57 
6,063.37 

1916-17 

1917-18  .. 

South  Dakota: 

1915-16  

1916-17 

1947-18 

Tennessee: 

1915-16  .... 

1916  17 

1917-1S 

15,837.18 



Texas: 

1915-16  . 

1916-17 



1917-1^... 



Utah: 

1915-16 

1916  17 

1917-18 

Vermont: 

1915-16 



1916-17 

1917-18  . 

Virginia: 

1915-16 

17,109.16 
33, 831.  93 
48,564.40 

6,522.46 
11,957.84 

17,393.22 

12,071.73 
18, 131.  50 
24,621.27 

16, 164. 99 
29, 635.  81 
43, 106.  63 

1.249.20 
2, 290.  20 
3,331.20 

459,046.00 

904,090.72 

1,241,266.67 

2, 162.  80 
1,500.00 

2, 827.  50 



1916-17 

1917-1S 

Washington: 

1915-16 

1916-17 



1917-1S 



West  Virginia: 

1915-16 

1916-17 

4,000.00 
7, 570.  00 

1917-18 



Wisconsin: 

1915-16 

1916-17 

l 



1917-18 

Wvoming: 

'  1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Total: 

1915-16 

1916-17 

68,004.71 

83,614.35 

202,  S46. 91 

38,099.27 
63,910.90 
83, 101.  71 

22.374.02 
48,384.03 
72,354.71 

12,470.00 

1917-18 

430.00 

In  addition  to  the  money  directly  appropriated  to  offset  Federal 
Smith-Lever  funds  and  available  under  the  provisions  of  the  Smith- 
Lever  Act,  considerable  sums  of  money  have  been  contributed  from 
various  sources  within  the  States. 

In  1914-15  the  total  expenditures  for  cooperative  agricultural 
extension  work  amounted  to  over  $3,600,000.  Of  thi3  $905,000 
was  derived  from  the  farmers'  cooperative  demonstration  funds  of 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  $105,000  from  other 


8 

bureaus  and  offices  of  the  department,  $475,000  from  the  Federal 
Smith-Lever  funds,  $712,000  from  State  funds,  $815,000  from  county 
funds,  $345,000  from  college  funds,  and  $245,000  from  other  miscel- 
laneous sources. 

In  1915-16  the  amount  increased  to  $4,900,000.  Of  this  $914,000 
was  derived  from  the  farmers'  cooperative  demonstration  funds  of 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  $157,000  from  other 
bureaus  and  offices  of  the  department,  $1,080,000  from  the  Federal 
Smith-Lever  funds,  $600,000  from  State  Smith-Lever  funds,  $696,000 
from  other  State  funds,  $939,000  from  county  funds,  $210,000  from 
college  funds,  and  $274,000  from  other  miscellaneous  sources. 

The  total  amount  in  1916-17  was  $6,100,000  derived  from  the 
following  sources:  $943,000  from  the  farmers'  cooperative  demon- 
stration funds,  $120,000  from  other  bureaus  and  offices  of  the  depart- 
ment, $1,580,000  from  Federal  Smith-Lever  funds,  $1,100,000  from 
State  Smith-Lever  funds.  Approximately  $600,000  was  appropriated 
by  the  State  legislatures  in  addition  to  the  money  put  up  as  an 
offset,  $1,250,000  from  county  funds,  $140,000  from  college  funds, 
and  $370,000  from  other  miscellaneous  sources. 

The  $7,600,000  allotted  for  extension  work  in  1917-18  was  derived 
from  the  following  sources:  From  direct  appropriation  for  farmers' 
cooperative  demonstration  work,  $1,040,000;  for  demonstrations  by 
other  bureaus  and  offices  of  the  department,  $185,000;  from  Federal 
Smith-Lever  funds,  $2,080,000;  from  State  Smith-Lever  funds, 
$1,600,000;  and  in  addition  to  the  funds  for  the  State  Smith-Lever 
offset,  the  States  allotted  $530,000,  the  counties  $1,545,000,  the  col- 
leges $200,000;  and  from  other  miscellaneous  sources  $445,000  was 
allotted.  The  table  following  indicates  the  total  amount  available  in 
each  State  and  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  for  the  four  years, 
and  the  sources  of  funds : 


Table  III. — Sources  of  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work  funds,  1914-15,  1015-16, 

191',-  /;.  and  1017-18. 


State. 

United  States 

Department  of 

Agriculture. 

Smith-Lever. 

State. 

County. 

College. 

Other. 

Farmers' 
coopera- 
tive 
demon- 
stration 
work. 

Other 
bureaus. 

Federal. 

State. 

Total. 

Alabama: 

1914-15 

1915-10 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Arizona: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Arkansas: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

California: 

1914-15 

191.5-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Colorado: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Connecticut: 

1914-15 

191.5-16 

1910-17 

1917-18 

Delaware: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Florida: 

1911-15 

1915-10 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Georgia: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1910-17 

1917-18 

Idaho: 

1914-15 

191.5-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Illinois: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

$47, 522 
46.000 
43,500 

43,500 

1,858 

4 .  436 
.3.2-') 
7,660 

41,575 
40,000 
38.000 
38,000 

6,193 
8,627 
10. 620 
15, 122 

9,884 
9,450 
12. 240 
15^140 

6.101 
5.357 
8.720 
12, 171 

2.205 
1,200 

900 
2,500 

26,348 
25,000 
23,000 
23,000 

49,  .504 
50,000 
47,000 

47,000 

4,800 
4,800 
6,900 
9,000 

16,727 
17,002 
18, 520 

$4,114 
4;  620 

"*9,*786' 

$10, 000 
31,493 

49.402 
67, 312 

10,000 
11,715 
13, 145 
14,575 

10,000 
26,678 
40.577 
54..  477 

10,000 
21.037 
30. 235 
39,433 

10,000 
14,792 
18,786 

22,780 

9,985 
11,398 
12, 562 
13, 726 

10,000 
11,279 

12.346 
13,412 

9,925 
16,491 
21.893 
27,299 

9,927 
35, 174 
56, 152 
77,129 

10,000 
13, 109 
15,700 

18,290 

10,000 
30,282 
58; 184 
80,086 

10,000 
28,931 
44,707 
60,483 

10,000 
28, 781 
44,432 
60,083 

10,000 
24,555 
36,6% 
48,815 

$28, 592 
25,000 

S19.375 
10, 000 
30. 000 

2-5,000 

57 
4,500 

8.800 

s;ooo 

43,213 
54,152 
76,236 
68,236 

22,000 
26,000 
28,000 

2S,000 

8.364 
15,700 

22. 350 
3.7,500 

$825 

?2, 659 
1,000 

920 
375 

750 
1,600 

3,038 
7,137 
7,625 
3,547 

2,601 

$113,087 

$21,493 
31,402 

57,312 

139, 606 
162. 303 

600 

2,090 

4,444 
3,285 

2,150 
1,000 

6,237 
3,318 

205, 504 
17,279 

938 
2,250 

1,715 
3,145 
4,575 

968 
700 

27,931 
36, 1 40 
34,410 

111,348 

2,620 
7,220 

4,667 

16,678 
30.577 
44,477 

155, 1S3 

193  015 

6,670 

215, 407 

os  373 

27, 529 
14,320 

1.500 
1,500 
1,500 

11,037 
20.235 
29, 433 

82, 521 

14,320 

104.911 

14. 320 

127  808 

1,441 

29. OSS 

4.7.'2 
8.786 
12,780 

4.920 
1,100 

4,250 
4,400 
1,500 

5.000 
6;900 
9.950 
19,230 

1,131 

750 

53,905 

67,663 
104,040 

25.226 

'4,346' 

550 
1,300 
1,400 
4,400 

260 
1,150 
1,850 

10,000 

3,591 

12,456 
14.004 
23,669 

5,000 

1.398 
2.562 
3,726 

6.000 

8.000 

30,500 

44, 809 

57. 197 

107,422 
IS. 595 

1,279 
2,34£ 
3,412 

|.__ 

15, 659 
17.441 

19. 324 

145 

5,000 
5,000 
5.000 
10,250 

15,675 

16.107 

23; 747 
32'.  978 
32, 978 

28.314 
52,400 
85,770 
88,550 

1,616 

7,550 

10,000 

22,800 

50,000 
16,050 
21,800 

10,695 

8.7"0 
9,700 

5,765 
200 

73,984 

6,491 
11, 893 
17,299 

85,  719 
104,463 

110,  826 
124.871 

9.  451 
12,110 
11,580 
11,920 

1,525 
1,200 

12,000 

25, 174 
46. 152 
67, 129 

174. 858 

5,000 

251^652 

291, 728 

9 

6,005 
10,800 
15,000 
27,523 

14,600 
30,000 

500 

850 
1,350 

24,446 

3,109 
5,700 
8,290 



41,417 
54. 649 

85,903 
91,766 

240 

200 

"23,'666' 
26,400 
51,414 

4,498 
4,000 
3,500 
4,126 

66.150 
74,700 
106, 555 

26,282 
48.184 
70,086 

148,616 

18,500 
4,200 

191,588 

205, 786 

Indiana: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Iowa: 

1914-15 

191.5-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Kansas: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

13,066 
15,201 
15, 854 
18, 507 

17,217 
15,800 
18,440 
22,950 

14,047 
13,089 
16,000 
22,076 

1,614 
3,6.50 
3,100 
3,000 

6,070 
4,200 
3,000 
4,344 

64, 145 
46,704 
27,375 
11,157 

88,705 
83,466 
71,568 
47, 204 

44,935 
65,500 
70,993 
85,500 

4,000 
4,160 
4,700 
4,400 

138, 259 

18,931 
34.707 
50,483 

182, 977 



200,235 
233, 256 

192. 141 

18, 781 
34,432 
50,083 

229,888 

283, 127 

114,410 

303, 474 

50,700 
40,012 
40. 150 
30, 000 

17,882 
14.867 
20,600 
6,877 

92,630 
110,  6SG 
156,980 
173,783 

14,555 
26,685 
38,815 

3,600 
16,200 
22,500 

'4,'6O0' 

28942°—: 


10 

Table  III. — Sources  of  co*  Ueztewio  rids,  151 -1-1 5, 1915-16, 

1916-17,  Tlnd  1917^18— Continued. 


United  States 

Department  of 

Agriculture. 

Smith-Lever. 

State. 

County. 

College. 

Other. 

State. 

Farmers' 
coopera- 
tive 
demon- 
stration 
work. 

Other 
bureaus. 

Federal. 

State. 

Total. 

Kentucky: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

§36,361 
41,000 
40, 000 
40,000 

43,946 
42.000 

40,000 

1,360 

5,  .500 
8,035 

14.977 

19,000 

19,000 

11.  "2 

14,736 

20, 356 

17,377 
15.0S2 
23,202 
25,001 

16.21S 
13, 961 
15, 450 
19. 411 

48,118 
45,000 

42,500 

11,034 
11,600 

6.4-56 

9,460 
13,500 

15. 588 
13,640 

17,908 

4,  tOO 

1.955 
20'.  125 

3,600 

$9,875 
31,088 
48,662 
16,235 

8,623 
47,606 

141389 

18,015 
21,702 

n 

J7  747 

30,658 

10.000 

12 

15,373 

17, 815 

10.  WO 

49, 731 
10. 000 

61.  545 

10.000 
33',  034 

.     _ 

10,000 

12,950 

17,867 

20,  C46 
38, 576 

7,493 
10.  833 

12,221 

10.000 

12. 133 

i3;9n 

15,689 

9,987 
17.  659 
24,042 
30, 426 

56,235 

"si,"68o" 

J31,928 

12, 727 
33.000 

30,000 

22. 583 
88,358 

31,560 

15,000 
860 

$87. 533 
117,833 
171  623 

1917-18 

211  770 

Louisiana: 

1914-15 



6.847 

2,  469 

400 

83,958 

126  157 

1315-16 

14  102 
37.606 

1916-17 

141,613 

160, 372 

11.820 

1917-18 

Maine: 

1914-15 



1915-16 

8.045 
11,702 

2,000 
2,000 

3,600 
2,90-) 
3,900 

5.700 
8,043 

2.675 

600 
600 
600 

:::::::: 

1.32-0 

26.073 
37,090 

17 

1917-18 

Maryland: 

1914-15 

I,  ISO 

3,000 

20 

18. 120 

30;680 

4.  566 

40,843 
53. 927 

109.693 

119,133 

1015-16 

1916-17 

7.747 
14,202 

20,658 

L8 

MasK 

15 

1,380 

45,000 
30.000 

3o:ooo 

56.346 

41,664 

18.286 
- 

U 
14,500 

29,811 
17.    32 
26, 134 

17.410 
20,800 
81,220 

1,484 

52.611  | 

35.17.' 

1915-36 

1916-17 

800 

35,302 

22;  000 
51. 100 

"3,340" 



100,979 

1917-18  . 

191  734 

Michi. 

La 

16,846 

64,562 

2 
181, 937 

1915-16 

18.032 

3,424 


1915-1 7 

1917-1 

240 
3,700 

1,900 

3,700 

3.075 
8;  440 

5,400 

Minaesota: 

1914-15 

21.270 
39.812 
19.970 

; 

32, 538 
1,450 

6,799     10,200 



3,000          873 

6.075 

15,735 

652    



2.630 

6,410       1,550 

5,334    

.........      3,050 

600 

170.7^ 

1016-17 

1917- . 

27.315 
39, 731 

"*i9,"329" 

127.  721 
131.310 
144,072 

93,  791 
127. 760 

Mississippi: 

1914-15 

191.5-10 

1916-17 

800 

3,607 

1917-18 

232, 755 

ri: 
15 

32,015 
17,000 
15,350 

71,111 

-16 

23,034 

114. 71S 

1916-17 

1917-18 

152.010 

Montana: 

"5 

1.334 

3,150 

2,795 
3,000 
3,000 
4,000 

1,184 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 

90 

50u 

4,191 

19, 446 
31, 325 

25.000 
14,534 
5,354 
4,424 

2,308 

18,000 

1   - 
11.900 
22,933 

29, 673 

1915- 

1916-17 

1917-18 

5,408 

7,867 

62, 622 
91,703 

Nebraska: 

1914-15 

20,090 
47,  4.50 
53,350 
64,000 

79,533 

-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

1914-15 

10,  716 
19,646 

4,600 
10,600 
15,  950 

115,  856 

148,495 

196,367 

8.677 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

2,500 
4, 470 

5,074 

8,700 
11,900 

4,959 
6, 775 

13,071 

833 
1.527 
2,221 

3,968 
3.960 
6,300 

303 

1 
500 

'"'6,"229'  '...'.'.'.'.. 

2,000     12,013 
3,000       3,645 
1,000 
800     20, 070 

1.000 

21.514 
32. 941 

New  Hampshire: 
1914-15 

3,500 
6,000 

16, 200 
28,000 

18,  200 

20,900 

32. 976 

1915-16 

2, 133 
3,911 
5,689 

33. 500 

1916-17 

52,222 

1917-18 

1,200 
200 

83, 348 

Xev.-  Jersey: 
1914-15 

13,951 
8,266 

10,958 
7,575 

30,096 

1915-16 

7.659 

- 

20, 426 

1,000 
600 
600 

56.700 

1916-17 

77, 092 

1917-18 

92.993 

11 

Table  III. — Sources  of  cooperative  agricultural  extension  uorl: funds,  1914-15, 1915-16, 
1916-17,  and  1917-18— Continued. 


United  States 
Department  of 

Agriculture. 

Smith-Lever. 

State. 

County. 

College. 

Other. 

State. 

Farmers' 
coopera- 
tive 
demon- 
stration 
work. 

Other 
bureaus. 

Federal. 

State. 

Total. 

New  Mexico: 

1 V*  1 4  - 

$6,833 

7,617 

10,060 

13,S00 

26, 5S7 
20,041 
84,377 

31.527 

40,800 
41,000 
40.  060 
43,120 

9,  449 

7,101 

111.  41  It 

11, 150 

2,  lv> 

7,369 

13,900 

17,110 

41,00.3 
41,000 
39,000 
39,000 

7.  787 

9,202 
12,058 

IS  442 
12,9*1 

1.500 
L400 
1,500 

$10,000 
13.413 
16,258 
19, 102 

10,000 
33.443 
52'.  978 
72,514 

10,000 
32,953 
52,080 
71,207 

10,000 
16,247 
21,453 
26,659 

35,557 
56,854 
78; 151 

9,462 
26,256 
39,S02 
53,349 

14,446 
21,857 

10,000 

46'.  *94 

77;  639 

108,383 

10,000 
10,218 
10,400 
10,582 

10,000 
25,691 

51,843 

10,000 
16, 167 
21,306 
26,445 

10,000 
31,202 
48,  869 

66,536 

9,979 

45, 970 

75  944 

105, 919 

10,000 
12,437 
14, 467 
16, 498 

$540 

11.166 
12,700 

17,800 

82,818 

69,207 
102,883 
147,670 

3S.00O 
62,715 
75.000 
95,000 

31,606 

2S  746 
30, 530 
30, 160 

S604 

120 

1,800 

500 

35" 

35 


$18. 4-56 

1915-16 

$3, 413 
6.258 
9,102 

1916-17 

800 

7,000 
G-41(? 
5, 141 
1,500 

1,52-5 

49, 015 
62, 902 

18 

New  York: 
11)14-15 

$298 

57,200 
69. 241 
69.036 
56,997 

31.900 

16.424 

1915-16... 



23,443 

42. 978 
62, 514 

1916-17 

1917-1S 

North  Carolina: 
1914-15 

""i3"566 

11.283 
15.S60 
15,860 
13,408 

726 
1. 100 

297. 42s 
374, 222 

191-3-16 

22,953 
42.080 
61,207 

191 . 905 

1916-17 

225,019 

1917-18.... 

17,800 

13, 270 
20,983 
21,969 
20,000 

38,085 
74.516 
75,  S91 
52,019 

301, 742 

North  Dakota: 
1914-15 

65. 050 
80,424 

1915-16 

6,247 
li;  4.53 
16,659 

1916-17 

95,  815 

1917-1^.    .    .. 

1,200 

700 
1,400 
1,500 
3,300 

234 

4,920 
5,920 
6,840 

2.774 
5,400 
6,000 
6,180 

800 
2,500 
13,000 
2,620 

210 
500 

105;  S23 

Ohio: 

1914-15 

50,898 

1915-16 

25,557 
46,854 
68, 151 

1,  700 

146, 098 

1916-17 

194, 998 

1917- 

22,300 

9,935 
20.000 
31'.  750 
61 ; 560 

15, 827 
18,300 

25;  822 

241, 031 

Oklahoma : 
1914-15  ..   . 

18.115 
15; 000 
8,000 

22,988 

20,050 

16,300 

3,850 

266 

101, 736 

-16 

16,256 
29,802 
43,349 

143, 4S2 

1919-17" 

-18 

207,  943 

1 

1914-15 

56,087 
53,236 
56. 124 
48,033 

10,128 

92.  7-11 

1915-16 

4,446 

8. 152 
11,857 

104,804 

1916-17 

1917-18 

125,  S07 
47,639 

Pennsylvania: 
1914-45   .      .. 

5,268 
14,9S4 

3,008 

1915-16 

36, 894 
67,639 
98,383 

114, 253 

158, 280 
227,  4-^3 

1916-1" 

191 7-1 < 

11,701 

2,243 
3,700 
3.950 
o,  401 

43,635 
40,^0 
40,400 
40,400 

5,069 
6,1.53 
10,100 

11,660 

31,201 
39,000 
37,000 
37,000 

72,403 
71,500 
67,000 
68,  784 

9,678 

8,657 

10,330 

15,013 

6,401 

Rhode  Island: 
1914-15 

858 

13,310 
24, 416 

2>,  ITS 

109, 5S1 
134, 114 

1915-16 

21S 
400 
582 

3,175 
3,300 
3,750 

1,380 
1,200 
1,01S 

20,290 

20,050 

7,958 

7,24-5 

610 

5,225 
4,045 
2,345 

6,001 

*2i,656" 

7,755 

5,081 

1916-17.    . 

2,  550 
3,500 

17,401 
21,442 
40, 492 

46,868 

2,098 
13,610 
19,260 
21, 562 

28,882 
33,674 
17,883 
6,935 

76.097 

76; 097 

88,620 

102,292 

2,989 

1917-1* 

South  Carolina: 
1914-15  ..   .. 

1,000 

12,254 
14,440 
13,  720 
19, 270 

1915-16 

15,691 
28,  767 

41,843 

1916-17 

191 7- r- 

2,613 

194, 367 

215,224 

42, 857 

South  Dakota: 
1914-15 

20,000 
18,833 
18,917 
13,555 

1,716 

1915-16 

1.350 
1,350 
1,350 

6,150 
9,688 
11,440 
12,490 

6,447 

4,800 

6,167 
11.306 
16; 445 

62, 279 
82, 239 
91,017 

1916-17 

-18 

Tennessee : 

1914-15   ..    .. 

6,895 

1,754 

S6,597 

1915-16 

21,202 
38, 869 
56,536 

134, 765 

1916-17 

3,S91 
4,351 

157, 9-31 

1917-18 

183, 848 

Tex   -: 

1914-15 

17,474 

13, 581 

195, 9S1 
234,337 

1915-16 

35, 970 
65, 944 
95,919 

1916-17 

5,567 
16,065 

1,718 

464 

1,000 

i,200 

303,075 
393, 995 

51,553 
49, 270 

59',  407 
84,434 

1917-18 

5,016 

1,890 
1,400 
1,400 
6,600 

Utah: 

1914-15 

25,284 
23,876 

15,388 
10, 555 

1915-16 

2,437 
4,467 
6,49S 

1916-17 

1917-18 

3,355 
12,660 

"15,'  460* 

12 


Table  III. 


■Sources  of  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work  funds,  191 4-15, 1915-16. 
1916-17,  and  1917-1 S—  Continued. 


United  States 

Department  of 

Agriculture. 

Smith-Lever. 

State. 

County. 

College. 

Other. 

State. 

Farmers' 
coopera- 
tive     i   Other 
demon-    bureaus, 
stration  l 
work. 

Federal. 

State. 

Total. 

Vermont: 

1914-15 

$10,088 
13,260 
13,501 
15,260 

38,420 
39',  000 
37,000 
37,000 

8,902 
8,434 
11,940 
17,458 

23,284 
25,0C0 
23,015 
23,000 

11,422 
11,010 
11,100 
11,601 

5,817 
7,060 
8,450 
12,430 

905,782 

914,290 

943,088 

1,037,501 

.S3, 387 
4,260 

$10,000 
12,274 
14,169 
16,063 

9,997 
29,272 
45,332 
61,392 

10,000 
16,522 
21,958 
27,393 

10,000 
22,071 
32, 132 
42,191 

10,000 
26,164 
39,635 
53,107 

10,000 
11,249 
12,290 
13,331 

474,935 
1,080,005 
1,580,000 
2,080,000 

$7,571 

8,576 
3,831 
1,937 

26,661 

2,891 
4,500 
2,436 

3,009 

$10,800 
12,0C0 
15,400 
14,400 

25,471 
28, 550 
30,242 

38, 758 

19,034 
20,600 
23,570 
50,968 

411 
25,668 
27,548 
31,836 

10,046 
16,320 
19,875 
26,150 

3,800 
5,445 
9,550 
14,750 

815,733 

939,668 

1,246,288 

1,544,366 

$41,845 

1915-16 

$2,274 
4,169 
6,063 

""i9,"272" 
35,332 
51,392 

$3,i66 

1916-17 

51*C69 

1917-18 

3,600 

4,268 
8,511 
5,770 

8,757 

1,587 

"2,iho 

1,250 

11,633 

12,860 

15,574 

8,336 

57,323 
108,598 

Virginia : 

1914-15 

3,781 

2,800 
2,700 
2,780 

1,603 
2,270 
2,640 
2,640 

1,155 
1,260 
1,359 
2,570 

388 
1,200 
1,200 
2,000 

1,125 

1,500 
1,500 
1,500 

105,168 
157,621 
121,609 
182,708 

1915-16 

130,295 
160,876 
202,515 

58,119 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Washington: 

1914-15 

$13,9S4 

10,250 

5,300 

13,333 

1915-16 

6,522 
11,958 
17,393 

64,599 

1916-17 

1917-18 

79,515 
130,435 

West  Virginia: 
1914-15 

34,402 
22,929 
23,942 
15,379 

19,766 
31,902 

17,687 

80,886 

1915-16 

12,071 
22,132 
32,191 

121,859 

1916-17 

145,701 

1917-18 

155,503 

Wisconsin: 

1914-15 

51,621 
103,960 
120,131 
194,244 

26,442 
44,005 
61,415 

1915-16 

10,104 
29,635 
43,107 

i,200 
1,000 

700 
600 

1916-17 

1917-18 

58,279 

Wyoming: 

1914-15 

5,000 
16,901 
27,335 
39,306 

711,516 
696,405 
597,105 
530,564 

1915-16 

1,249 
2,290 
3,331 

"600"o65" 
1,100,000 

1,600,000 

1916-17 

1917-18 

2,255 

247,352 
273,951 
372,540 
443,307 

86, 903 

Total: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

346,750 
209,682 
142,524 
198,644 

3,607,208 
4,871,620 
6,103.140 
7,617,098 

13 

The  data  given  in  the  preceding  table  are  summarized  and  classified 
according  to  original  sources  of  funds  in  the  following  table: 

Table  IV. — Funds  available  for  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work,  classified  by 

original  sources. 


Source  of  funds. 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Federal  Government: 

Farmers'  cooperative  demonstration  work 

$905,  782 
105, 168 
474, 935 

$914,  290 

157, 621 

1, 0S0, 005 

$943, 088 

121,609 

1,580,000 

$1, 037,  501 
182,  708 

Other  bureaus 

Y<  der-.il  Smith-Lever 

2, 080, 000 

Total 

1,485,885 

2,151,916 

2,  644,  697 

3, 300, 209 

Within  the  State: 
State-- 

0  •  _.»t 

459, 046 
696, 405 

904, 090 
597, 105 

1,241,266 
530, 564 

Other  State 

711,516 

1,771,830 

Total 

711,516 

1,155,451 

1,501,195 

County- 
Offset 

68, 004 
939,  668 

83.614 
1,246,288 

202,846 
1,544,366 

Other  county 

815, 732 

Total 

815,  732 

1,007,672 

1,329,902 

1,747,212 

(  oilece— 

Oil'set 

38, 099 
209,  682 

63,910 
142, 524 

83. 101 

Other  college  . .                                         

346, 750 

19SJ644 

Total 

346, 750 

247,  781 

206, 434 

281, 745 

Other: 

Offset 

34, 850 
273,  951 

48,384 
372,546 

72,784 

247, 352 

443, 307 

Total 

247, 352 

308,  801 

420,  930 

516.091 

Total  within  the  States     

2,121,350 
3, 607,  235 

2,  719,  705 
4,  871,  621 

3, 45S,  461 
6, 103, 158 

4,316.878 
7,  C17, 098 

Grand  total 

In  1914-15  the  Smith-Lever  funds  comprised  13  per  cent  of  the 
total  funds  available  for  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work. 
In  1917-18  the  percentage  had  increased  to  nearly  50.  In  1917-18 
the  funds  contributed  by  the  counties  and  other  local  organizations 
comprised  one-fourth  of  the  total. 

If  the  funds  contributed  to  the  State  Smith-Lever  offset  by  the 
States,  counties,  and  other  authorities  within  the  State  are  combined 
with  State,  county,  and  other  funds  not  used  as  offset,  they  exceed 
one-half  of  the  total  funds  for  extension  work.  In  other  words,  the 
funds  contributed  within  the  State  exceed  the  funds  contributed  by 
the  Federal  Government  at  the  present  time. 

ALLOTMENT  AND  EXPENDITURE  OF  FUNDS,  BY  PROJECTS. 

The  project  now  receiving  the  largest  amount  of  the  cooperative 
agricultural  extension  funds  is  the  county-agent  project.  In  1914-15 
the  total  amount  spent  on  this  project  was  approximately  $1,925,000. 
By  1917-18  the  amount  had  increased  so  that  it  exceeded  $3,825,000, 
or  an  increase  of  nearly  100  per  cent  during  the  four-year  period, 
1914-15  to  1917-18. 


14 


Table  V. —  Total  of  funds  from  all  sources  for  coope- 


State. 


Alabama: 

1914-15... 

1915-16... 

1916-17... 

1917-18. . . 
Arizona: 

1914-15... 

1915-16 . . . 

1916-17... 

1917-18. . . 
Arkansas: 

1914-15... 

1915-16... 

1916-17... 

1917-18... 
California: 

1914-15... 

1915-16. . . 

1916-17... 

1917-18. . . 
Colorado: 

1914-15. . . 

1915-16... 

1916-17... 

1917-18... 
Connecticut: 

1914-15... 

1915-16... 

1916-17... 

1917-18... 
Delaware: 

1914-15... 

1915-16... 

1916-17... 

1917-18... 
Florida: 

1914-15... 

1915-16... 

1916-17... 

1917-18. . . 
Georgia: 

1914-15... 

1915-16... 

1916-17... 

1917-18... 
Idaho: 

1914-15... 

1915-16... 

1916-17... 

1917-18... 
Illinois: 

1914-15... 

1915-10... 

1910-17... 

1917-18... 
Indiana: 

1914-15.... 

1915-16.... 

1916-17.... 

1917-18... 
Iowa: 

1014-15... 
.      1915-16... 

1916-17... 

1917-18... 
Kansas: 

1914-15... 

1915-16... 

1916-17... 

1917-18... 
Kentuckv: 

1914-15... 

1915-16... 

1916-17... 

1917-18... 


87,533 
117  ~ 
171,623 
211, 770, 


3,427 
13, 975 
10,821 
14, 139] 


15 


agricultural  extension  work  for four  years  ending  June. 30,  1917,  by  projects. 


'J. 

- 

CO 

a 

- 

E 
- 

S 

i 

< 

8 

3 

3 
a 

C 

3 

rf 
1.2 

feS 

tttS 

1  i 

3 

n 

*£ 

|2fc 

=  15 

£ 

s 

6 

—  M 
-J  3 
3  C 

3:  ^ 
3  = 

i 

< 

0 

M 
—  ** 

K  a 

a 

s 
s 
1 

C3 
IS9 

3 

3 

■J, 

1 

CO 

3 

Farmers'  Insti- 
tutes. 

Correspondence 
courses. 

Agriculture        in 
schools. 

Miscellaneous  spe- 
cialists. 

$3^700 

$804 
2,760 
4,100 
6,570 

$55o 
1,550 
1,750 
2,500 

1,149 
469 

1,070 

$1,600 
1,798 

2,900 

$500?  1.050 
700    1-050 



81. 800 



3,400 

S2, 800  

1,595 

3,650 

$161 
1.50 
150 

11, 085 

12, 034 
15  903 

1,817 
1,845 
6.930 

::::::  :::::: 



2, 720 

2,520 

$900 

7, 739 . . 

::::::::::::: 



.      ::: 

$2,000 

2,500 

1,416 
2,700 
3,660 
3,360 

3,196 
3,071 

4,580 



7  ]  in 



2,0-00 
6,800 

1,401 

m 

2. 500 

1,000 

977 



... 

600 

3,100 

1, 069 

892 



4,400 

600 

1, 389 

133 
144 

154 



;; 

1,400 

:::::::  ::::::: 



on 

4.50 





....:.. 



3,301      1.000 
2.400      2.0:  )0 

600 
2,000 

2, 025 
2,000 
1,500 



3,066 
3,750 

1,500 

5,00-3 

: 

2,200 

394 
3,700 
3,400 



131 

" 





'.'..'. 

3.SO0 
4,100 





I 

4,250 

$1,250 

..:::::::::::: 



2,923 
0  400 

2,  235 
3,820 

15,000 
19  700 



'  6, 450 
6,500 
6;  350 

467 
5,800 
6,800 
7, 950 

1,371 
9,075 
11,201 
17. 450 

3.571 
4,800 
3,800 
3,800 

$523 
2,340 
2,300 
2,500 

5,000 
4,300 
4,980 

2,134 
3,650 
4,170 
4,230 

715 

$1,200 

"2,i00 
2,300 



:::::::::::: 

1,375 

2,340 
2,900 
2,400 
1,500 

45,34-3 
16  156 

7.950 
9;  000 

5,725 
6.700 
7,:  500 

9,526 
10,760 
12,090 

5,912 

1,600 



18,050 

2  4?4 

15,000 

3,  251 
82 





1,500 

2,300 

1,484     2,575 

21,046  6,999 
10,854   8,413 
12, 170  12  137 

3,340 

""250 
2,720 
2,700 

2. 626 

3,537 

310 
1,002 
2, 175 
1,561 

1,453 

1.728 

i;sio 

1.051 
2,034 
1,245 
2,600 





887 
1,410 
1,620 



2,499     3,528 
2,  S31     8, 602 
3,425      4.280 



9,345  11.895 

2,710 

114 

594 

10,061 
11,120 











16 


Table  V. —  Total  of  funds  from,  all  sources  for  cooperative  agricultural 


State. 


Louisiana: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Maine: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Maryland: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Massachusetts: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Michigan: 

1914-15.... 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Minnesota: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Mississippi: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18. . . . 

Missouri: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17.... 
1917-18 

Montana: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Nebraska: 

1914-15.... 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Nevada: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

New    H  a  m  r> 
shire: 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17.... 
1917-18 

New  Jersey: 
1914-15.... 
1915-16.... 

1916-17 

1917-18.... 

New  Mexico: 

1914-1.5 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18.... 


S83, 958 

126. 157 
141, 613 

160,372 

11,820 
26, 078 
37. 090 
45,989 

40. 843 

58; 927 

79, 520 

109, 698 

119, 183 
109,390 
100,  979 
191,  734 

64,562 
85, 910 
140. 962 
181,937 

170, 783 
127, 721 
131,310 
144,072 

93,  791 
127. 760 
155; 583 
232,  755 

71.111 
114; 718 

155. 158 
152, 010 

29,673 
56,232 
62, 622 
91,  709 

79,533 
115, 856 
148,  495 
196, 367 

8,677 
17, 334 
21,514 
32, 941 


32, 976 
33, 509 
52,  222 
83, 348 

30,096 
56,  709; 
77. 0921 
92;  998j 

18.  456] 
37;  2291 
49,  015 
62,  902, 


$1,  668 
6.399 
6,040 

12,  607 

773 
5,954 
6,440 
8,479 

5, 868 
5, 340 
5,350 
14,358 

19, 160 
11,670 


10,  470 

3,421 
4,421 
3,300 
6,800 

22, 055 
10,  780 
13, 840 
17,541 

2,064 
4,216 
4,841 
4,200 

1,167 
9.  952 
7;  387 
7,420 

4,438 

9, 632 

7, 122: 

13,423: 

8, 163 
10,481; 
11,482 
14;  180 

2,865 
3,  350 
2,  .800 
3,600 


4,040 
1,673 
1,111 
7,600 

2,473 
7,880 
6,  520 
9,314 

3,739 

4,  302 
4,120 
3,800 


S518 
1,450 
1,220 
1,450 

276 
400 
800 
800 

157 
1,000 

2.  720 
2;  500 

500 
1,300 
1,600 
1,900 

486 


1,500 
3,100 

17, 825 
15, 630 
12,610 
4,020 

96 

615 

2,056 

4,275 

556 
2,  S00i 
4.  722 

5, 839, 

327; 

500i 

700 

1,286 

4, 426 
3,000' 
2,558 
3, 431j 

60 


856. 476 
64, 747 
89,378 
87, 645 

8,950 
11,178 
18.  083 
23,760 

16, 175 
24'.  430 
42, 352 
56, 440 

54.255 
58; 574 
65,949 
112, 846 

40,175 

53,559 

78. 101 

100, 987 

64.915 
69,228 
56, 750 
62,201 

60. 139 
66; 008 
80,  926 
123, 670 

46, 401 
58, 050 
65, 650 
62,  225 

16,712 

29.000 
30; 100 
50, 000 

33. 053 
29;  670 
39, 580 
42,  853 


1,400 
1, 000. 


515 

1, 533: 

911! 

1,298| 

493: 

883 

1,765 

1,521 

911 

770 

1,665 

2,210, 


4,000 
11, 256 


11,042 

18,  794 
27,000 
49, 100 


£ 

0 

,3 

a 
0 

1 

| 

>> 

X 

0 

m 

cq 

5,057 
4,950 
7,600 
18,171 

1,844 

1,050 

914 

6, 315 


978 
2,150 
5,600 


20,584  1,774 

31,459  4,099 

41,418'  4,800 

42,530  12,301 


7,389 
21,919 
27,700 
37,100 


1,474 
2,300 
2,400 
4,740 


£1 

a! 


3.333  1,294 
27,9501  16^590  3,000 
37; 150   22,840   3;  000 


41.800 


,248 
600 
200 

600 


30,937;  3,500 

I 


2,934;. 
4, 950| . 
4,  570 . 


3,267; 


8,500 
15,000 


63 

512 

5, 320 

7,801 


2, 368 
3,  775 
4,980 
6,240, 


2,000 
2,150 

5,700 


2,400 
2,500 
2,700 


2,370 
3,400 
3,660 
6,250 

1,503 
3,000 
3,000 
3, 950 

1,5CK)' 
3,550 
4,350 
6,150: 

2, 

2,750 
2,800 
3,000 


3,49 

2,378] 

2/ 

4,3001 

200 


2, 320 
2,500j 

479' 
2,350 
2,8001 
3,040! 


17 

extension  work  for  four  years  ending  Jane  JO,  1917,  by  projects — Continued. 


eg 
1 
I 

a 
•a 

< 

a 

a 
a 

6 

a 

o 

o 

w 

Botany  and  plant 
pathology. 

Entomology,  api- 
culture, orni- 
thology. 

a 

« 

5  9 
II 

"3  a 

1 

5o 

3 

1 

SO    . 

3 

I 

1 

a 

X 

.-i    yj' 

fefl 

r 
s 

0 
0 
a 

a  £ 

0  h 

0  w 
0 

a 

52 
& 

0 
n 

11 

p 

3 

SI. 209 

$590 

$2,033 
2, 250 

2,750 
4,840 
5,200 

$3,022 
1.000 
2,400 

1  200 

< 

1  000 

$1,360 
1,900 

2,400 
2,750 

1,046 

1,450 

::::::: 

1,698 
1.600 

2.  900 
2,  700 

4.692 
2.  424 

2.  7."  2 
2,800 

995 

$2,300 

$440 

1,800 

$700 

476 

1,180 

1,834 
2,  490 

3.320 
3;  424 

2,112 
2,997 
3, 100 
3,650 

$1,024 
'500 

3, 033 
3.  225 
3,070 

4,494 
5,241 

5,275 

S3, 200 

417 

544 

$225 

6,587,  3,  C10 

500 

3,460 

875 

2,296 

3.494 

'    2,800 

4, 700 

SI   Qfi.5 

1.000 

i,699    2.300 

1.534 

6. 450  

1,075      '400     1,500 

1,250    2.250:     2.2.50 



5.100 
6,450 

$11300 

10,900 

1,150 

1 

4,111    14.335 

$2,500 

9,433 
9  401 

4,648 

6, 090 
13^440 

2. 900 

1,100 

1,733 
1,733 

2,000 
2^100 

1,800 

6  380 

1,800 

2,299 
1  -20.5 

1 

1,213 

1.733 
2;  200 
3,100 

30 

420 

3, 150 

2,700 

1,297 
1 .  833 
1,850 

850 

"3*666 
3,060 

2,083 
2.600 
2;  600 
2,350 

3.716 
8.390 
7.960 

1,300 

3,000 

2,000 
4,000 

675 
3,200 

1,800    2. 500 
4,600 

311 



$3. 183 

7,000 

5,  800 

'ii,'.350 
10,  270 

651 

2.900 

3;  500 

3,370 

2,350 

3.400 

3  650 

5, 0501 

1  m 

soo 

1 "  587 

3,110 

e,u|.. 

1  156 

i 

7,200 

250 

1  3,600 

1 

10.000 

!     '■ 

8,987 

1.900 

2.7-50 

2,550     4,9o0 

1.318         3<* 

2.475 
3.  925 

1.900 
3.  1.50 

"2,366::"!] 

4,175, 

5,700|     7,370 

2,000 

1 

5.900 

1.350 
1.650 

3.00( 

3,200 

3.280 
2.400 
2.400 

3. 165 
2.300 
2.200 

1,948 

1.679 
2.100 
2,700 



20° 

200 

2  550 

1 

4.507 

'  2, 00C 

3.975 

7.O20 

j    2,50C 

j    2,532 
2.  S7C 
6,220 

2,968 



2,558 





3,011 
2,095 

.     .. 

i 

1 

i 

! 

411 
!    2.920 
.     1.3S0 

! 



:         ; 

4,392 

2S942— 18- 


L8 


b  Y.— To 


State. 


Isctt  York: 
1914-: 


- 


191-5-1*-... 
191^-17 

North  ( 

1915-lr. is 

-17    ...      225,019 
i 
Nor;  b  : 

1914-1.'... 

19*5-1    

19I-. 

1917-n : 

1914 

? 

736    12, 
7 

? 
1 

1915-16... 

-17... 
191" 

Tsland: 
1914-1-5... 
19,'  4.416 

1916-17 - 

1917-iv 

" 100, 581 

I916-J- 

1917-1  .-..-. 

Souxr 

1915-16..... 

1916-1"  32 

....      91.017 

1914- 

1915-!-.....     1 
1916-17... 

1914-15  

191.5- : 

t»7- 

Utah: 

1915-16 

! 

1915-26 :      ; 


? 


100 


1,300 


19 


ezftnsion  uorh  for  four  years  ending  Jane  30%  1917,  by  projects — Continued. 


•J. 

i 
i 

H 

a 

'5 
< 

>> 

I 

0 

si 

3 

"3 

c 

0 

W 

1 
f-fc 

*3    "50 

Si3 

O 

pa 

"EL- 
'S E 

1st 

ill 

h 

to 
g 

p 

fa 

- 

1-2 
Ss 

i 

| 

3 

as    . 

1 

a 
a 

fa 

1 

•S 

U 

3 

1 

Exhibits  and  fairs. 
Partners'  i  ns  1  i- 

• 

©  . 

c  C 
gj 

u 

0 

0 

.5 

p4S 

b  0 
3  0 
Bo 
.2  m 
Ea 
< 

1 

■ 

$9,000 
11.437 
8.630 
10, 677 

$2,950 
3.650 
5,100 
7,300 

1.193 
2.180 
2.500 
2,600 

$4,400   $3,900 
7.250     4,600 
6.000:     5.000 
S.  950,     5.  200 

$2,000 
2.200 
3.300 
3.700 

""$500 
2,950 

2,200 

$5,336 

(2,  500 

1.000 

650 

14.750    $5,000 

6.990 

7.770 

10,300 

$3,968!  6.000     4.7-.' 
2,838  fi-91 

$3,450 

750 

i- 

'"'$500 
650 

5.400 
8.860 
7,580 

400 

2.400 
2.200 

1.000 

"3.666 

800 
800 



2.440 

2.400 

2.S00 



1.700 
5.000 

600 

2.400 

5.000 

3,886 
5,955 
5,340 

750  27. 153 

*  3'  ioo 

4.350 
13.  040 

3,636 
4,050 

34.  800 

25. 030 

9.995 
3,420 

9.540 

2,242 

2,  >^0 

2.  340 
2.480 

2.  S40 

1 

S2. 550 



13. 400 

8.  210 

i,m 

3.000  

3.339 

3.000 
4.200 

7.666 

9,839 

5.305 

5.63C 

4.200 

4  5« 

2,338 
3,960 
2,000 

3.105 
2.000 
2.000 
2.900 

3,810 

3.  400 

3.900 

5. 000 
21.  POO 

4.SG0     6.737 

3,100 

4.200 

.   . 

1.450 
1,350 
1,450 

2,175 

2,100 

2.  200 



3,000 
3,000 
7.000 

2. 100     2.  774 

!   2.<m 

1,500 

22, 127 
1,757 

5,97S 

'    2;S50     7',200     5',200 

2,800 

1,356 

20,000 

440 

650 

840 

2,675 

1,  B7S 

1,200 

2,180 
3,125 

1,  575     3, 306 

2.100     5.260 



365 

2, 100 

575 







S3 

202 

358 

2,200 
3,660 





6.260 

6;  070 

1,165 

3,060 

! 

3,060 





580 
1,250 



I 

8.120 

6,917 
13,320 

IS,  lid 





...:::. 



1  16,483 

20,818 



... . 

1, 579 





600' !    6,970 

2,300 
2,225 
2,350 

2,550 
2,461 
4,400 

800 

600* i     4,504 

600 !     1,730 

1,000 6.309 

:::::::i" 



275   3,400 

1,365 

1,325 
100 

1 

96 

i,  9601                 3.  4,50 



2,240 
3:917 

175 

I 

20 


Table  V. —  Total  of  funds  from  all  sources  for  cooperative  agricultural 


State. 

"3 
o 

.2 
1 

a 
% 

V3 

PI 

.2 
1 
3 

t/3 

3 
e 

W) 
>> 

i 

o 
U 

a 

8 

o 

1 

o 

! 

o 

'a 

1 
to 

3 
>, 

u 

3 

o 

PU( 

CO 

3 
_  >< 

■a 

i-i 

3 

o 

1 

H 

"a 
P 

Virginia: 

1914-15... 

$108,598 
130,295 
160, 876 
202,515 

58, 119 
64,599 
79,515 
130,435 

80, 886 
121,849 
145. 701 
155, 503 

51,621 
103,960 
120, 131 
194,244 

26, 442 
44,005 
61.415 
86, 903 

3,607,205 
4,871,62C 
6,103,14€ 
7,617,098 

$2, 429 
8,748 
11,333 
17, 870 

8,108 
7,599 
7,275 
12,900 

8,649 
8,996 
10,544 
12,512 

1,944 
6,740 
7,360 
16,451 

5,442 
6,492 
7,491 
8,290 

298,493 
422,078 
445,720 
599,107 

I 

$154 

538 

1,540 

2,870 

1,826 
1,486 
1,500 
2,239 

2,289 
2,790 
1,960 
2,310 

5,074 
1,300 
1,980 
2,655 

1,695 

1,850 
2,024 
2,360 

72, 115 
100,735 
137,187 
jl3S,323 

$78,846 
84,017 
87,386 

107,281 

30,900 
32, 624 
40, 190 
71, 760 

39,617 

67,228 
76,580 
76,563 

33,206 
46, 180 
56,000 
76, 822 

9.314 
25,007 
38.700 
54,394 

$15,438 
24,337 
33.357 
46, 499 

2,429 
3,092 
4,300 
5,700 

7,630 

13, 946 
17,413 
21,529 

■' 

$1,573 
2,235 
2,950 

$2, 208 

880 

3,190 

6,100 

3,918 
7,647 
7,805 

1,155 
2,604 
2,711 
5,352 

388 

4,000 

4.250 

10,300 

2,316 
3,000 
3,100 
3,200 

107,775 
153,958 
1173.871 
233,267 

191.5-16. . 

$2,940 
4,810 
3,740 

$3,480 

1916-17... 
1917-18.  . 

$975 
300 

3,516 

4,721 
4,840 
1,885 
2,510 

6,590 
7,500 
8,975 
6,000 

2,007 
400 
20C 
20C 

$6, 530 
3,540 

5,370 
7,491 
9,760 
14,776 

5,582 
12,175 
16,080 
16,592 

1,455 
3,30C 
3,57C 
5,35C 

2,705 
3,15C 

Washington: 
1914-15.  .. 

1915-16. .. 

1,198 
1.225 
1,225 

1916-17. .. 

1917-18. .. 

8,630 

"West  Virginia: 
1914-15. .. 

! 

1915-16. . 

1916-17. . 

4,255 
5,495 

1917-18. . 

Wisconsin: 
1914-15. . 

i 

1915-16. .. 

9,000 
8,160 
6,120 

2,958 
2,800 
2,950 
2,700 

319, 779 

538, 061 

756,050 

1,043,560 

4,300 
6,500 
5,900 

1916-17. . 



1917-18. .. 



Wyoming: 
1914-15..  . 



1 

1915-16  .  . 

1916-17.  .. 

5, 55( 
8,651 

167,65' 
229, 90.: 
340,  87' 
J412,59< 

... 


200 
3,200 

31,96S 
101,711 
126, 81i 
176, 188 

...... 

1917-18. .. 



Total: 

1914-15... 
1915-16... 
1916-17... 
1917-18.  . . 

1,922,751 

2,488,750 
3,102,883 
3,833,396 

194, 64C 
212,  763 
193,715 
135,624 

1 

$9,385 

20,760 

'  15, 630 

) 28,901 

1 

10,003 
12, 933 

15,590 
17,260 

9,928 
30,466 

44.681 
65, 745 

The  next  most  important  line  of  work,  as  far  as  allotment  of  funds 
is  concerned,  is  the  work  for  farm  women,  the  allotment  for  which 
increased  from  $320,000  in  1914-15  to  approximately  $780,000  in 
1917-18,  an  increase  of  nearly  200  per  cent  during  the  same  period. 
The  next  in  importance  is  the  boys'  and  girls'  club  work.  During 
the  four-year  period  this  had  increased  from  $170,000  to  $475,000. 
In  the  Southern  States  the  girls'  clubs  are  included  with  the  home- 
economics  project,  and  the  boys'  club  work  does  not  include  the  pig 
and  poultry  clubs.  The  amount  used  in  this  work  exceeded  $45,000. 
In  the  Northern  and  Western  States  the  girls'  clubs  are  included 
under  the  boys'  and  girls'  clubs  project.  The  projects,  in  addition  to 
those  named  above,  in  which  over  $200,000  were  spent,  were  adminis- 
tration and  dairying.     Those  in  which  over  $100,000  were  spent  were 


21 


extension  work  for  four  years  ending  June  SO,  1917,  by  projects — Continued. 


V3 
U 

m 

3 
I 

1 
•a 

>> 

a 
a 

2 

< 

8 
3 

a 

0 

a  0 

0 

23 

Entomology,  api- 
culture, orni- 
thology. 

L 

O 
S-i 

O 

3 
g| 

& 
§ 

CD 

a 

GO    . 

"3 

a 

M 
m 

•A 
u 

CO 

to 

PI  . 

"-<   CO 

o 

DO    — 

■—    — 

§ 

o 
o 
PI 

©    . 

«  12 

O  H 

ao 

CO    o 

o 

5  M 

<5 

1 
®  .12 

r 

CO 

! 

S7, 948 

$1,600 

1   $3,22.5 

SI,  000,    5. 060 
3,100j    6;  815 

$1, 775 

2,240 

620 



:::!:: 

$300 



.  1 

$2, 048 
2,776 
2,720 
2,760 

1 

1 

682 

2,420 
3,000 

< 

$2,320 

::::::::: 

! 

7,445 

1 

$1,300 

$7, 387 
7,360 
5,650 
4,010 

SS43  SI,  708 
890  l.aso 

3,600 
4,120 

3,243 
3,270 

880 
790 

900 
450 

705     2, 257 

4,  800     2,  840 
5,150     5,070 
48,050     2.550 

9,0.50 
7,-580 
6,010 

2,6661  2  9.56 

2,000;    3,536 
4,050t    3,986 







" 

266 
300 
100 

1,666 40 

700 i      200 

:::::::::::" 

3,100 

600 

54,906 
72,420 
39,635 

100 

4,562 
21, 200 

23; 345 
:  36, 665 

24,188 
78,  555 
125,  480 
149,010 

28,741 
63,  .534 

82,490 
14S,  023 

4.923 
15'.  442 
35, 139 

23,886 

$3,900 
10,086 
13,  485 
31,090 

6, 058 
3,700 
9,150 

37,829 
52,281 
102, 212 

'       i              | 
44,428   17, 055  S2, 299  14. 016 
85,657   24,964  17,634   8^067 
97,155   34.082  35.3.56   7,775 
112,515   47,276  82,750   9,600 
1 

8,44211,298 

27,12115,810 

38, 713  15,  256 

20.565;  1,950 

1 

133, 662 
92; 591 
113,429 
118,801 

publications,  extension  schools,  animal  husbandry,  agronomy,  horti- 
culture, agricultural  engineering,  and  farm  management.  There  are 
certain  items  in  Table  V,  which  should  be  carefully  interpreted. 
For  example,  the  work  undertaken  on  the  projects  for  extension 
schools  and  miscellaneous  projects  would  seem  to  have  decreased. 
The  decrease  is  due  primarily  to  the  assignment  of  the  specialists  to 
individual  projects  rather  than  putting  the  different  lines  of  their 
work  together  in  miscellaneous  projects.  The  decrease  in  the  funds 
for  extension  schools  is  due  to  a  similar  cause — the  specialists  partici- 
pating in  extension-school  work  are  having  a  larger  proportion  of 
their  expenses  charged  to  subject-matter  projects  than  formerly. 

Table  V,  pages  14  to  21,  indicates  the  allotment  of  funds  from  all 
sources  to  the  different  types  of  extension  work  by  States. 


oo 


COUNTY-AGENT  WORK. 


The  county-agent  work  grew  out  of  the  farm  demonstrations  con- 
ducted under  the  direction  of  agents  covering  a  large  territory.  In 
these  field  demonstrations  the  farmer  undertook,  with  his  own  labor 
and  entirely  at  his  own  expense,  to  grow  on  from  1  to  10  acres  some 
particular  crop  under  the  agent's  supervision.  The  selection  of  the 
crop  depended  entirely  upon  the  needs  of  the  community.  A  careful 
account  was  kept  and  a  report  made  at  the  end  of  the  season.  The 
agents  were  required  to  arrange  for  as  many  demonstrations  as  they 
coald  supervise  properly. 

About  the  year  1906  counties  began  to  contribute  toward  the 
salary  of  the  agents  of  the  department,  and  their  work  became  more 
intensive  and  the  work  of  each  agent  was  confined  to  a  single  county. 
With  this  limited  territory  they  could  arouse  the  interest  of  farmers 
generally  by  greatly  increasing  the  number  of  examples  or  demon- 
strations of  better  methods  of  farming.  The  scope  of  the  demonstra- 
tions was  enlarged  to  include  all  of  the  standard  farm  crops,  gardens, 
pastures,  and  in  later  years  the  breeding,  raising,  and  feeding  of  live 
stock. 

Meetings  were  held  at  the  demonstration  plats  for  the  purpose  of 
giving  information  to  a  large  number  of  farmers.  At  these  meetings 
the  agent  would  go  over  the  farm  with  those  assembled,  discuss  the 
operations  informally,  and  invite  questions.  The  farmer  saw  the 
value  of  the  better  methods  and  gradually  applied  them  to  the  whole 
farm.  Demonstrations  varied  in  size  and  character,  depending  upon 
the  problem  to  be  met.  The  results  of  hundreds  of  these  demonstra- 
tions in  a  county  gave  the  farmers  confidence  in  the  ability  of  the 
agent,  and  thus  grew  up  a  great  variety  of  work  on  the  part  of  the 
county  agent  in  giving  general  instruction  and  advice  to  farmers 
e  he  was  unable  to  visit  their  farms  regularly. 

It  was  noted  a  number  of  years  ago  that  where  the  county  agent 
could  secure  the  cooperation  of  an  organized  body  of  farmers  in  the 
community  in  conducting  demonstrations  and  giving  information  his 
work  became  more  effective.  Out  of  this  experience  has  developed 
a  systematic  effort  on  the  part  of  the  county  agent  to  work  through 
organized  bodies  of  farmers  and  to  create  organizations  in  communi- 
ties where  there  are  none. 

"Prior  to  1912  practically  all  of  the  extension  work  of  the  depart- 
ment of  this  character  was  carried  on  in  the  15  Southern  States. 
This  branch  of  the  work  is  growing  steadily.  In  that  year  S165,000 
was  made  available  to  extend  the  work  into  the  Northern  and  Western 
States,  and  the  work  in  those  States  was  placed  under  the  supervision 
of  the  Office  of  Farm  Management.  The  work  in  the  North  has 
grown  rapidly  and  now  has  more  than  trebled  its  original  Federal 
appropriation.     Out  of  the  work  in  the  South  and  the  North  has 


23 

grown  a  large  field  of  activity  now  generally  known  as  county-ageat 
work  or  demonstration  work  through  county  agents.  On -July  1, 
1917,  1,474  men  county  agents  were  employed  in  the  United  States. 

The  county  agents  are  employed  cooperatively  by  the  county,  the 
State  agricultural  college,  and  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  assisted  in  some  cases  by  other  cooperating  parties. 

The  extent  to  which  the  county  agent  comes  in  contact  with  the 
farmers  in  his  communitv  is  indicated  bv  Table  VI. 


Table  VI. — Work  of  the  county  agents. 


State. 

Farm  visits  made. 

Meetings  held. 

Attendance. 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1914 

1915 

1916 

23,377 

"35,518 

4,468 

4,258 

459 

181 

17. 241 

53,142 

1.459 

2,836 

9,681 

6,931 

4, 858 

16',  043 

23,900 

64,932 
2,098 

34,598 
9,105 
5,610 
2,945 
1,793 

25. 179 

67, 432 
2,049 
5,856 

11,592 
6,400 
6,684 

25,  698 

36, 658 
3,275 
8,503 
6,241 
9,063 
9,326 

26,328 
4,658 
3, 559 
4,586 

79,380 
4,035 

61,014 
8',  822 
4,842 
3,284 
1,605 

22,624 
101,767 

5,  405 
6,532 
8,530 
9,357 
8,456 

34, 707 

59,400 
4,034 

12,808 
5,182 

13. 077 
7,172 

56,357 
4,732 
3,984 
5,275 
84 
4,781 
8.347 
3;  906 

19, 797 

85,437 

13,493 
4,928 

62.528 
7;  298 

15.517 
'486 

50.860 
5.194 

3.3.  452 

64.683 

6,  869 

7,  793 
55,  408 

5,844 

27, 289 

7,  507 

4,826 

4,171 
526 

3,459 

1,  7*4 
1.084 

675 

163 

596 

3.596 

'451 

1,027 

3,250 

2,538 

1.941 

2,  541 
1,107 

352 

947 

942 

1,790 

1,503 

3,813 

1,448 

392 

729 

60 

654 

752 

549 

3,235 

2,883 

823 

1,323 

3, 388 

916 

2,853 

207 

1,326 

1,002 

1,629 

3,948 

'533 

1,149 

2.550 

'694 

3,212 

875 

484 

27,291 

9,306 

81,310 

64,419 

45, 393 

18, 240 

8,414 

23, 168 

101, 800 

16,423 

53, 621 

267, 126 

83.462 

6i; 818 

130, 952 

47, 410 

7,247 

42,715 

41, 102 

58.  737 

113, 775 

104, 680 

109, 183 

19,  904 

24,430 

149  030 

"i'.TS3 

641 

628 

36 

37 

330 

480 

138 

565 

4,138 

606 

820' 

916 

206 

'"   138" 

762 
4, 343 

602 

1.077 

'163 

359 

263 

1,770 

1.585 

'736 

379 

179 

508 

1,036 

305 

761 

3,674 

899 

1,039 

2,000 

1,321 

206 

792 

1,280 

1.046 

1,965 

193 

9,997 

241 

587 

14  114 

178, 278 

23,927 

42,974 

2,600 

387 

13.280 

4;  688 

7,656 

45, 159 

270. 241 

66, 401 

48, 414 

42,839 

13, 734 

159, 080 

California 

i           la 

54.349 

Connecticut 

Delaware  

34. 257 
6,987 

Florida  , 

35, 593 
183,  429 

ia 

Idaho 

29.921 

83  162 

Indiana 

247.753 

Iowa 

116, 082 

Kansas 

104.189 

Kentucky 

167,879 

Louisiana 

57,  731 

Mafrie                

12,420 

35, 494 
51,382 

7,  279 

67, 115 

130,  595 

55. 876 

108,  990 

9.002 

15, 686 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

6,192 
9,715 
37,059 
3,593 
2,388 
3,512 

84, 187 
116,032 

Missouri 

89,032 

Montana 

35, 180 

ta 

26,237 

Nevada. 

1,370 

New  Hampshire 

rsey 

958 

2.221 

90 

11,880 

47,061 

16, 500 

4,125 

5,598 

4,902 

18,  543 

70, 350 

11,593 

4,068 

36,894 

6,326 

9.000 

44 

37 

282 

6 

1,361 

1, 188 

1,055 

""i"925" 

363 
790 

6 

350 
343 
488 

2,926 

3,257 
831 
864 

2,931 
601 

1.372 
19 

2,  S28 

14,  489 

300 

102, 820 

60,  763 

94,033 

20, 819 
16;  181 
22,323 

168,211 

171,  739 
83,046 
83,442 

141.413 
35^  637 

124,053 
953 

33, 429 
37, 151 

oxico 

New  \~ork 

33,955 
174^463 

North  Carolina 

North  "Dakota 

Ohio 

1, 902, 035 
56,544 
92  301 

Oklahoma 

32.382 
3;  431 
5,017 

67.001 

24; 404 

48,  722 

540 

227^297 

Oregon 

29, 137 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island  . 

230. 783 

6,313 

94  125 

South  Carolina  . . 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

1,500 

3, 108 
4,999 
33,625 
676 
8,736 
1,940 
1,202 

4,719 

213 

318 

2,236 
200 
338 
655 
347 
1.143 
'220 
99 

6i2 

"459" 

2.839 

'887 

843 

1,972 

'  oSS 

152 

9, 930 
22, 405 
88,546 
15,  282 
13, 363 
34, 362 
20.  S  16 
62.  i;-. 2 
4,860 
7,183 

44, 901 

51,  757 

82, 981 

210;  815 

45, 112 

40,  777 
8,356 

7,  402 

6,018 
17. 034 
5',  718 
2,964 

113,  538 
23, 014 
23,750 

149,217 

39.cl5 

78,880 

14. 651 

8;  390 

Utah 

Vermont 

39, 130 
140, 122 

35, 69S 
165, 787 

59, 470 

12, 996 

Virginia 

ngton 

irginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Differences  in  methods  of  recording  the  data  prevent  the  figures 
from  being  strictly  comparable.  For  example:  In  1914,  in  Arkansas, 
the  plan  of  counting  every  person  who  attended  any  session  of  the 
meetings  was  followed,  but  in  1915  only  the  persons  actually  in  attend- 
ance throughout  the  meetings  were  counted.     This  will  no  doubt 


24 

explain  some  of  the  marked  differences  in  the  attendance  at  the 
meetings.  In  Georgia,  in  1914,  the  record  showed  only  those  persons 
who  happened  to  attend  the  county-agent  field  meetings,  whereas 
in  1915  the  total  number  of  persons  attending  all  the  meetings 
were  counted. 

It  is  recognized  by  all  engaged  in  the  work  that  the  county  agent 
should  be  a  man  of  practical  experience  in  farming  and  of  such  per- 
sonality as  to  enable  him  to  become  a  leader  among  the  farmers  of 
his  county.  He  must  also  have  such  agricultural  education  and 
technical  training  as  fit  him  for  this  important  duty.  Other  things 
being  equal,  preference  is  given  to  graduates  of  agricultural  colleges 
who  have  the  proper  personality  and  practical  experience. 

It  will  be  seen  that  one  of  the  duties  of  the  county  agent  is  to  bring 
to  the  farmers  of  his  county  on  their  own  farms  the  results  of  scien- 
tific investigations  in  agriculture  and  the  experience  of  successful 
farmers,  and  through  demonstrations  to  influence  the  farmers  to  put 
these  into  practice.  In  his  organization  work,  as  explained  above, 
he  assists  in  reorganizing  and  redirecting  the  agriculture  of  the  com- 
munity, and  assists  all  economic  and  social  forces  working  for  the 
improvement  of  agriculture  and  country  life.  He  gives  instruction 
not  only  in  those  subjects  which  are  generally  recognized  under  the 
head  of  improved  agricultural  practices,  but  also  in  farm  manage- 
ment, marketing,  and  purchasing  supplies.  In  all  of  this  work  he 
conducts  a  large  number  of  demonstrations  and  gives  out  much 
valuable  information.  He  works,  as  far  as  possible,  with  existing 
organizations,  such  as  granges,  farmers'  unions,  alliances,  organized 
farmers'  institutes,  community  clubs,  etc.,  but  may  also  aid  in  forming 
new  organizations  especially  suited  to  support  his  work.  In  the 
South  great  emphasis  is  laid  upon  community  organizations  of  farm- 
ers. These  are  increasing  rapidly  and  involve  both  the  work  among 
men  and  that  among  women.  The  tendency  'and  general  policy 
of  the  work  in  most  of  the  States  in  that  territory  is  gradually  to  form 
central  county  organizations  composed  of  representatives  of  the 
community  organizations  to  deal  in  cooperation  with  the  county 
agents  with  such  problems  as  are  county-wide  in  their  nature. 

In  some  of  the  Northern  and  Western  States  county  organizations 
called  farm  bureaus  have  been  developed  to  support  the  county  agents 
in  their  work.  The  farm  bureau  may  include  in  its  membership  any 
person  who  is  interested  in  better  farming.  Its  officers  are  generally 
selected  annually.  It  has  an  executive  committee  which  has  the 
responsibility  of  arranging  for  the  selection  and  financing  of  the 
county  agent,  and  its  committees,  both  central  and  local,  assist  the 
county  agent  in  carrying  out  the  program  of  work  for  the  county. 

The  growth  of  county-agent  work  is  indicated  in  Table  VII. 


25 


Table  VII. — Number  of  counties  villi  men  agents. 


Agri- 
cul- 
tural 
coun- 
ties. 

Counties  with  men 
agents. 

State. 

Agri- 
cul- 
tural 
coun- 
ties. 

Counties  with  men 
agents. 

State. 

July 

1, 
1914. 

July 
1', 

1915. 

Julv 
1, 

1916. 

July 

1, 
1917. 

July 

1, 
1914. 

July 

1, 
1915. 

July 
1916. 

July 

1, 
1917. 

Alabama 

07 

6 

75 

45 

35 

8 

3 

50 

150 
30 

102 
92 
99 

105 

120 
64 
16 
23 
13 
84 
86 
80 

114 
41 
93 

67 

""45 

4 

13 

1 

""25" 

80 

2 

14 

27 

9 

9 

28 

41 

""8* 
1 

11 
27 
48 
13 
4 
5 

67 
3 
52 
11 
13 
6 
3 
36 
81 
3 

18 
31 
11 
39 
39 
43 
3 
13 
10 
17 
23 
49 
15 
8 
8 

G5 

6 

53 

13 

19 

7 

3 

S3 

83 

7 

20 

32 

16 

56 

47 

43 

4 

16 

9 

22 

19 

44 

14 

7 

9 

62 
7 
61 
17 
16 
8 

37 
117 
11 
22 
40 
26 
53 
45 
42 
9 
23 
11 
30 
16 
53 
15 
12 
S 

15 
10 
19 
26 
57 

100 
51 
75 
77 
35 
67 
5 
44 
66 
96 

250 
28 
14 

100 
37 
55 
71 
21 

6 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina... 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

1 

"""25" 
51 
17 
8 
40 
10 
10 

5 
7 
8 
29 
64 
15 
10 
56 
12 
14 

8 
11 

9 
36 
65 
15 
12 
59 
13 
22 

4 
42 
11 
48 
90 

8 
11 
51 
13 
29 
13 

8 

9 

10 

California 

Colorado 

11 
41 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

69 
17 

Florida.... 

20 

Georgia 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

62 

'     14 

Illinois 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina... 
South  Dakota — 
Tennessee 

45 
4 

43 
3 

36 

98 
8 
7 

53 
7 

13 
9 
3 

43 

5 

38 

99 

10 

9 

55 

10 

27 

12 

6 

40 

13 

Kentucky 

57 
92 

Utah 

15 

Maryland 

11 

53 

Michigan 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Total 

22 

Minnesota.. 

Mississippi 

45 
22 
13 

Nebraska 

2,920 

928 

1,136 

1,225 

1,  434 

BOYS'  AND  GIRLS'  CLUB  WORK. 

Extension  work  among  young  people  usually  has  been  conducted 
through  clubs  organized  for  that  purpose. 

B03  s'  corn  clubs  and  other  agricultural  clubs  have  been  in  existence 
for  over  10  years.  The  department,  in  cooperation  with  the  State 
agricultural  colleges,  has  done  much  to  popularize  this  demonstration 
work  and  make  it  effective  through  acre  contests  in  corn  growing. 
Boys  and  girls  betwTeen  the  ages  of  10  and  18  are  admitted  to  these 
clubs,  the  work  being  conducted  very  largely  in  cooperation  with 
school  officials  and  teachers  in  the  rural  communities.  These  clubs 
are  supervised  by  State  agents  or  assistants  located  at  the  agricul- 
tural colleges,  who  represent  both  the  college  and  the  department. 
They  are  assisted  by  county  agents,  who  aid  in  the  organization  and 
maintenance  of  the  work,  and  by  club  specialists  from  the  States 
Relations  Service  and  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  of  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture. 

By  far  the  most  widespread  and  numerous  organizations  of  this 
character  are  the  boys'  corn  clubs.  The  members  enter  into  com- 
petition in  corn  growing  on  an  acre  of  ground,  on  their  fathers'  farms, 
as  a  rule.  Prizes  are  provided  and  the  basis  of  award  is  the  largest 
production  at  the  lowest  cost,  with  best  exhibit  of  10  ears  and  best 
essay  on  their  year's  work.  Definite  instructions  in  preparation  of 
the  soil,  planting,  cultivation,  etc.,  are  given  to  the  members.  They 
are  taught  valuable  lessons  about  the  handling  of  the  soil,  selection 


of  good  seed,  improvement  of  varieties,  use  of  fertilizers,  oust  ac- 


counting, etc. 


Clubs  have  also  been  organized  for  contests  in  the  growing  of  pota- 
toes, cotton,  grain,  apples,  as  well  as  in  the  raising  of  pigs  and  poul- 
try.    In  most  of  the  States  the  prizes  now  offered  in  all  of  these 
clubs  have  educational  value,  such  as  scholarships  at  the  agrieui 
colleges  or  at  short,  courses,  trips  to  points  of  interest,  etc, 

Boys'  pig  clubs  have  been  organized  to  stimulate  interest  hi  swine 
production,  and  to  teach  boys  profitable  methods  of  feeding,  the 
value  of  the  best  breeds,  and  the  home  production  of  meat  for  the 
family.  This  work  supplements  the  boys'  corn  clubs  by  showing 
the  boys  that  it  is  profitable  to  sell  crops  by  feeding  them  to  live 
stock.  Members  of  the  clubs  are  taught  also  the  curing  of  meats 
at  home,  the  judging  of  hogs,  and  their  selection  for  breeding  and 
marketing  purposes.  Consideration  is  given  to  management,  feed- 
ing, sanitation,  and  to  the  prevention  of  diseases  of  swine,  especially 
hoe;  cholera.  Prizes  are  awarded  on  the  basis  of  excellence  of  hoo^ 
feci  for  purpose  intended,  gain  in  weight,  cost  of  production,  and 
record  of  feeding  and  care.  Prizes  are  offered  for  animals  raised  for 
breeding  purposes  and  for  slaughtering,  and  for  the  best  brood  sow 
with  litter. 

The  objects  of  the  boys'  and  girls'  poultry  clubs  are  to  teach 
poultry  raising,  handling,  and  marketing;  the  value  of  uniform 
product  of  high  class  for  cooperative  marketing,  better  care  of  poul- 
wd  eggs,  and  the  increased  revenue  derived  from  better  breeding 
and  management.  Members  of  the  clubs  raise  a  certain  number  of 
fowls,  keep  accurate  account,  make  exhibits  at  the  fair*,  and  write 
a  composition  on  some  phase  of  their  work. 

Girls'  clubs  have  been  formed  to  teach  gardening  and  canning  of 
vegetables  and  fruits  for  home  and  market  and  thus  promote  the 
utilization  of  the  surplus  and  waste  products  of  the  farm  and  garden; 
to  teach  profitable  farni  poultry  raising;  to  provide  a  means  for  girls 
to  earn  money  at  home;  to  pave  the  way  for  practical  demonstrations 
in  home  economics  and  stimulate  cooperation  among  members  of 
the  family  and  in  the  community;  and  to  furnish  teachers  a  plan  for 
correlating  home  work  with  school  work. 

This  work  was  first  begun  with  the  canning  club.  Girls  from  10 
to  18  years  of  age  are  enrolled  to  plant  and  cultivate  a  garden  of  one- 
tenth  of  an  acre.  The  most  important  part  of  the  training,  how- 
ever, is  the  canning  of  products  of  the  garden  for  home  and  market. 
Prizes  are  awarded  on  the  basis  of  the  quality  and  quantity  of  the 
products  of  the  garden  and  the  variety,  quality,  and  quantity  of 
the  canned  product,  the  profit  shown  by  cost  accounting,  and  the 
written  account  of  how  the  crop  was  made.     A  uniform  club  label  is 


provided  and  a  standard  weight  and  grade  of  canned  product  fixed 
for   marketing  purposes.     Encouragement   is  given    to   cooperative 

marketing. 

HOME  ECONOMICS  EXTENSION  WORK. 

All  of  the  extension  work  described  in  this  circular  is  conducted 
in  the  interest  of  all  the  people  on  the  farm.  However,  it  is  as 
important  to  provide  special  extension  work  for  women  and  girls  on 
the  farm  as  it  is  for  men.  This  special  work  is  now  being  developed 
according  to  the  same  general  plan  as  the  extension  work  in  agri- 
culture. 

Out  of  the  girls'  canning-club  work  in  the  South  has  grown  the 
employment  of  women  county  agents,  or  home-demonstration  agents. 
When  sufficient  funds  are  provided,  a  well-trained  woman  is  employed 
to  give  instruction  in  home  economics  to  farmers'  wives  and  daugh- 
ters throughout  the  county.  The  woman  agent  organizes  clubs  of 
women  and  girls,  gives  them  instruction,  conducts  demonstrations, 
and  superintends  the  putting  of  the  lessons  into  practice  in  the 
homes.  Women  agents  now  are  being  appointed  in  some  of  the  coun- 
ties in  the  North  and  West.  On  July  1,  1917,  there  were  537  counties 
with  women  agents  in  the  United  States;  24  were  in  the  Northern 
States. 

In  home  economics,  as  in  agriculture,  there  are  in  addition  to  the 
county  agents  or  leaders  specialists  who  conduct  extension  schools, 
general  neighborhood  meetings,  conferences,  etc.,  and  assist  the 
women  county  agents.  Among  the  problems  now  being  taken  up 
are  children's  welfare,  selection,  preservation,  and  preparation  of 
food,  canning  of  fruit  and  vegetables  on  the  farm,  the  selection  and 
protection  of  water  supply,  sewage  disposal,  house  ventilation,  house- 
hold equipment  and  management,  use  of  labor-saving  devices  and 
machinery,  control  of  insects  and  other  pests,  etc. 

The  number  of  women  agents  employed  July  1,  1914,  1915,  1916, 
and  1917  is  shown  in  the  table  following. 


28 


Table  VIII. — Number  of  countiet  with  wonwi  agent*. 


State. 


Agn- 
- 
tural 
)  eoun- 


Counties  with  women 
agents. 


July  I  July    Julv    Julv 
1915     1916.    1917. 


State. 


cul- 
tural 
coun- 
ties. 


Counties  with  women 
agents. 


Julv    Julv 

1."     1." 

1914.    1915. 


July    July 
1916.  '  1917. 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

rnia  — 
lo 

Coin>: 
Be  lav 

Georf :;.    



Hlinc. 

Indisr. 









Minne 

ppi... 

Monte 


:; 


::- 


lit 

,- 
35 

3 
50 
152 

30 
102 
92 
99 
I  5 
120 

16 

13 


41 

99 


:: 


23 


11 


28 


:> 


- 


-■ 

20 


33         33 


:.:: 


Nevada 

New  Hampshire . 
racy 

Y :  rk 

Noni.  - 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 



Penh- 

R  hode'  Island 

South  Carolina... 
South  Dakota 







Verm  jnl 



nsan 

DDBIlg 

Total 


:r 


: 

2 

19 

1  . 

i 



•" 

1 

M 

3 

100 

51 

" 

35 

■ 
44 
66 
96 

250 
28 
14 

100 
37 

» 

34 

48 
2 

22- 

19 

M 

23 

1  . 

21 



31 

36 

> 
26 

31 

49 

31 

2 

17 

* 

38 

55 
71 

5 

.:° 

12 

12 

21 

m 

c:-j 

430 

•537 

FARM-MANAGEMENT  DEMONSTRATIONS. 

A  farm-  jement  demonstration  aims  to  teach  a  farmer  a  prac- 

tical method  of  summarizing  and  analyzing  his  farm  business  as  a 
as  of  determining  the  profit  or  loss  incurred  in  conducting  it 
and  of  deciding  upon  m  ns  which  promise  to  increase  the  net 

income  of  the  farm.     These  demonstrations  are  conducted  in  most 
by  coui  :ts.  with  the  assistance  of  a  farm-management 

demonstrator,  who  is  cooperatively  employed  by  the  college  and  the 
United  States  Department   of  Agriculture.     On  July   1,   1917,  the 
B  in  progress  in  300  counties  in  27  of  the  Northern  and  West- 
ern States. 

EXTENSION  WORK  THROUGH  SPECIALISTS. 

Both  at  the  State  agricultural  college  and  in  the  Department  of 
re  specialists  in  various  branches  of  agriculture  and  home 
economics  who  aid  county  agents  in  their  work,  and  also  give  direct 
instruction  to  farmers  in  counties  where  there  are  no  county  agents. 
A  specialist  is  generally  an  extension  agent  who  has  a  very  thorough 
knowledge  of  some  particular  line  of  work  and  who  is  efficient  in 
presenting  his  subject  to  the  county  agents  and  the  farmers.  He 
may  be  differentiated  from  the  county  agent  in  that  the  county 
agent  has  to  cover  in  a  more  or  less  thorough  way  the  entire  field  of 
agriculture,  whereas  the  specialist's  field  of  work  is  generally  limited 
to  a  narrow  field,  such  as  dairying,  horticulture,  poultry,  etc. 

The  principal  lines  of  extension  work  of  this  character  being  con- 
ducted in  the  Department  of  Agriculture  are  hog-cholera  work,  pig 


29 

and  poultry  clubs,  dairying,  and  animal  husbandry,  through  the 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry.  All  of  this  work  is  conducted  in  coop- 
eration with  the  agricultural  colleges  in  the  several  States  under 
project  agreements  mutually  entered  into  as  a  part  of  the  general 
system  of  cooperation  under  the  general  memorandum  of  under- 
standing between  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  and  the  colleges  of 
agriculture. 

In  hog-cholera  work  veterinary  field  agents  have  been  appointed 
to  cooperate  with  county  agents  and  demonstrate  to  them  and  to 
local  veterinarians  and  farmers  the  prevention  of  loss  from  hog 
cholera  and  of  the  spread  of  the  disease  from  herd  to  herd  by  the 
use  of  the  serum  treatment  and  proper  quarantine  and  sanitation  of 
premises. 

In  the  dairy-extension  work  specialists  are  appointed  to  conduct 
work  in  the  various  States  through  county  agents  and  otherwise  by 
organizing  cow-testing  associations,  bull  associations,  teaching  the 
keeping  of  herd  records,  planning  the  construction  of  silos,  the  remod- 
eling of  dairy  barns,  milk  houses,  and  other  dairy  buildings,  estab- 
lishing feeding  demonstrations,  management  of  herds,  and  othei 
special  dairy-farm  problems. 

In  soils,  forestry,  plant  pathology,  marketing  and  rural  organiza- 
tion, etc.,  specialists  are  also  employed  to  carry  on  extension  work. 

EXTENSION  SCHOOLS. 

Short,  practical  courses  of  instruction,  accompanied  by  demon- 
strations, illustrated  lectures,  and  exhibits,  organized  and  conducted 
by  specialists  attached  to  the  agricultural  colleges,  are  given  in 
different  localities.  The  local  arrangements  are  often  made  by  the 
county  agents,  and  these  schools  usually  are  planned  to  assist  the 
county  agent  in  the  development  of  extension  projects  undertaken 
in  the  county.  The  schools  commonly  occupy  one  week,  but  in  some 
cases  a  somewhat  shorter  or  longer  period. 

EMERGENCY  DEMONSTRATION  WORK. 

In  addition  to  the  fund  provided  above  for  the  regular  cooperative 
agricultural  extension  work,  Congress  passed  the  food  production 
act,  which  includes  an  item  of  $4,348,400  for  increasing  food  pro- 
duction, eliminating  waste,  and  promoting  conservation  of  food,  b}7 
educational  and  demonstrational  methods  through  counties,  districts, 
and  urban  agents,  and  others.  Under  the  provision  of  this  act 
over  1,600  emergency  demonstration  agents  have  been  employed, 
and  for  the  first  time  agents  have  been  designated  to  take  up  work 
in  the  larger  urban  centers. 

The  following  tables  show  the  number  of  persons  connected  with 
(IX)  county-agent  work,  (X)  home-demonstration  work,  and  (XI) 
boys'  and  girls'  club  work,  who  are  paid  some  part  of  their  salaries 


30 

from  funds  appropriated  to  the  United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture for  regular  or  war  emergency  work  and  who  are  located 

in  the  States: 

Table  IX. — County-agent  vorl  (men  i. 


CIas>  of  agents. 


Januar 
1917, 

regular 


January,  1918. 


,  Regular. 


Emer- 
gency. 


Total. 


Directors  and  State  ieaders  < . 

ant  State  leaders 

District  agents 

County  agents  and  assistants. 
Local  agents  (colored) 


28 


46 
745 


44 
831 

56 


22 

447 

19 


27 

7 

66 

,078 

105 


Total 

374 

518 

1,283 

NORTH  AND  WEST. 

29 
438 

33  1 

33 

Assistant  State  leaders 

26 

2S 

Countv  agents  and  assistants 

408  : 

601 

1 .  009 

Total 

489  : 

467  1 

601 

1,068 

DOTTED  STATES. 

Directors  and  State  leaders 

57 
22 

41; 

1, 1S3 
55 

60 

60 

Qt  State  leaders 

33    .. 

District  agents 

44 
1,039 

22 

1,048 

49 

66 

2,087 

Local  agents  (colored) 

LdS 

Toral 

1,368 

1,232 

1,119 

2,  351 

1  The  extension  directors  receiving  part  of  their  salaries  from  department  appropriations  have  charge  of 
all  lines  of  the  cooperative  extension  work.  In  the  Northern  and  Western  States  31  extension  directors 
receive  no  part  of  their  salaries  from  department  funds. 

Table  X. — Home -demonstration  vorl:  roomeri). 


Class  of  agents. 

January, 

1017,' 
regular. 

January,  19  IS. 

Regular. 

Emer- 
gency. 

Total. 

SOUTH. 

State  leaders 

13 
18 

14 
425 

7 

14 

14 

17 

421 

10 

14 

Assistant  State  leaders. . 

14 

Dist  rict  agents 

29 
32S 
61 
65 

8 

-l.. 

County  agents 

749 

Local  agents  (colored) 

71 

City  agents 

65 

C  it  v  agents  (colored) 

8 

Total 

477 

476 

491 

967 

NORTH  AND  WEST. 

State  leaders 

4 
1 

12 

35 

30 

47 

Assistant  State  leaders 

30 

District  agents 

Countv  agents 

15 

25 

1282 

57 

31)7 

City  agents 

57 

Total 

20 

37 

404 

441 

DOTTED  STATES. 

State  leaders 

17 
19 
14 
440 

7 

26 
14 
17 

446 
10 

35 
30 
29 

610 
61 

122 
8 

61 

Assistant  State  leaders 

n 

District  agents 

16 

County  agents 

1,056 

Local  agents  (colored ) 

City  agents 

122 

City  agents  (colored; 

Total 

497 

513 

S95 

1,  108 

1 130  of  these  agents  cover  more  than  one  county. 


31 


Table  XL — Boys'  and  g his'  club  work  (men  and  women). 


January, 

1917,' 
regular. 

January,  191 

8. 

Class  of  agents. 

Regular. 

Emer- 
gency. 

Total. 

SOUTH.1 

State  leaders 

19 

6 

27 

----- 

19 

Assistant  State  leaders 

29 

28 

33 

27 

Total 

57 

52 

27 

79 

NORTH  AND  WEST. 

State  leaders 

29 
40 
15 

26 

32 

78 

2 
36 

140 
52 

2S 

Assistant  State  leaders 

68 

218 

52 

Total                                           

84 

130 

2:J0 

366 

UNITED  STATES. 

State  leaders 

29 
69 
43 

45 
38 

105 

2 
63 
140 
52 

47 

101 

Count  v  leaders 

245 

District  leaders 

52 



Total 

141 

188 

257 

445 

1  In  the  Southern  States  the  men  county  agents  supervise  the  boys'  club  work  in  local  communities 
and  the  home-demonstration  agents  conduct  the  girls'  ciub  work. 

HOW  TO  GET  IN  TOUCH  WITH  THE  EXTENSION  SERVICE. 

If  the  farmer  or  members  of  his  family  desire  the  cooperation  of  the 
State  agricultural  college  in  solving  any  of  the  farm  or  home  problems, 
application  should  first  be  made  to  the  county  agent,  if  there  is  one ;  if 
there  is  no  county  agent,  then  to  the  director  of  extension  at  the  State 
agricultural  college  to  get  in  touch  with  the  extension  organization  in 
order  that  the  services  which  this  organization  is  prepared  to  give  may 
be  secured. 


32 

OFFICIALS  IN  CHARGE  OF  COOPERATIVE  EXTENSION  WORK. 

OFFICERS   OF  THE  STATES   RELATIONS  SERVICE. 

A.  C.  True,  director. 

Bradford  Knapp,  chief,  Office  of  Extension  Work  in  the  South. 

J.  A.  Evans,  assistant  chief,  Office  of  Extension  Work  in  the  South. 

C.  B.  Smith,  chief,  Office  of  Extension  Work  in'  the  North  and 
West. 

L.  A.  Clinton,  assistant  chief,  Office  of  Extension  Work  in  the 
North  and  West. 

STATE  OFFICERS. 


State. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California , 

Colorado , 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

(leorgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas , 

Kentucky , 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts — 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 


New  Jersey . . . 

New  Mexico... 

New  York 

North  Carolina 


North  Dakota, 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 
Rhode  Island 
South  Carolina 
South  Dakota 
Tennessee. . . 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington. 
West  Virginia 
Wisconsin 
Wyoming 


Officer  in  charge  of 
extension  work. 


J.  F.  Duggar 

E.  P.  Taylor 

W.  C.  Lassen er. . 

W.  T.Clarke 

H.  T.  French 

H.J.  Baker 

H.  Hay  ward 

P.  H.  Rolfs 

J.  Phil  Campbell. 
Lee  W.  Fluhartv. 
W.  F.  Handsch in 

G.  I.  Christie 

R.  K.  Bliss 

E.  C.  Johnsofi 

Fred  Mutchler.. . 
W.  R.  Perkins... 


L.  S.  Merrill.... 
T.  B.  Symons.. 
A.  D.  Kilhami. 
R.  J.  Baldwin.. 
A.  D.  Wilson... 


E.  R.  Lloyd. 

A.  J.  Mever. 

F.  S.  Cooley., 


C.  W.  Pugsley... 
C.  A.  Norcross. . . 
J.  C.  Kendall 


Alva  Agee... 
A.  C.  Cooley. 


A.  R.  Mann... 

B.  W.  Kilgore. 


C.  S.  Wheeler.... 

J.  A.Wilson 

O.  D.  Center 

M.S.  McDowell.. 

A.  E.  Stene 

W.W.Long 

G.  W.  Randlett.. 

C.  A.  Keffer 

T.  O.  Walton i... 
J.  T.  Caine,  III... 
Thomas  Bradlee. 

J.  M.  Jones 

W.  S.  Thornber . 

C.  R.  Titlow 

K.  L.  Hatch 

A.  E.  Bowman... 


Address. 


Alabama  Polytechnic  Institute,  Auburn.  . 

College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Arizona,  Tucson. 

College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Arkansas.  Favetteville. 

College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  California.  Berkeley. 

State  Agricultural  College  of  Colorado,  Fort  Collins. 

Connecticut  Agricultural  College,  Storrs. 

Delaware  College,  Newark. 

College  of  Agriculture.  University  of  Florida,  Gainesville. 

Georgia  State  College  of  Agriculture,  Athens. 

The  State  House,  Boise. 

College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Illinois,  Urbana. 

Purdue  University,  Lafayette. 

Iowa  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts,  Ames. 

Kansas  State  Agricultural  College,  Manhattan. 

College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Kentucky,  Lexington. 

Louisiana  State  University  and  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Col- 
lege, University  Station,  Baton  Rouge. 

College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Maine,  Orono. 

Maryland  State  College  of  Agriculture,  College  Fark. 

Massachusetts  Agricultural  College,  Amherst. 

Michigan  Agricultural  College,  East  Lansing. 

College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Minnesota,  University  Farm, 
St.  Paul. 

Mississippi  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College,  Agricultural  Col- 
lege. 

College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Missouri,  Columbia. 

Montana  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts,  Boze- 
man. 

College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln. 

College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Ne\  ada,  Reno. 

New  Hampshire  College  of  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts, 
Durham. 

College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts,  State  University  of 
New  Jersey,  New  Brunswick. 

New  Mexico  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts,  State  Col- 
lege. 

New  York  State  College  of  Agriculture.  Ithaca. 

North  Carolina  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Engineering,  West 
Raleigh. 

North  Dakota  Agricultural  College,  Agricultural  College. 

College  of  Agriculture,  Ohio  State  University,  Columbus. 

Oklahoma  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College,  Stillwater. 

Oregon  State  Agricultural  College,  Corvallis. 

Pennsylvania  State  College,  State  College. 

Rhode  Island  State  College,  Kingston. 

Clemson  Agricultural  College  of  South  Carolina,  Clemson  College. 

South  Dakota  State  College,  Brookings. 

College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Tennessee,  Knoxville. 

Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  of  Texas,  College  Station. 

Agricultural  College  of  Utah.  Logan. 

University  of  Vermont  and  State  Agricultural  College,  Burlington. 

Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,  Blacksburg. 

State  College  of  Washington,  Pullman. 

College  of  Agriculture,  West  Virginia  University,  Morgantown. 

College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Wisconsin,  Madison. 

College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Wyoming,  Laramie. 


Acting  director. 


33 


Table  XII. — Number  of  extension  workers  July  1,  1916  and  1917. l 


Full  time. 

Part  time. 

Total. 

State. 

Men. 

Women. 

Men. 

Women. 

Men. 

Women. 

1916 

1917 

1916 

1917 

1916 

1917 

1916 

1917 

1916 

1917 

1916 

1917 

Alabama 

86 
9 
74 

93 
9 

107 

39 

1 

37 

39 
4 

CO 

12 
6 
10 

11 
14 

3 
1 

10 

3 
...... 

98 
15 

84 

104 

10 

121 

42 

2 

47 

42 

Arizona 

1 

Arkansas 

61. 

19 

12 
4 
38 
93 
13 

25 
58 
45 
40 

00 

50 

8 
33 
24 
35 

35 
56 
33 
16 
31 

4 

13 
22 
13 

62 

83 
21 
26 
73 
32 

30 
6 

59 
18 
61 

97 
17 
15 
41 

36 
34 
19 
12 

...... 

44 

126 

16 

32 
72 
57 
45 

72 
11 
36 
27 
45 

32 

82 
43 
24 
26 

6 
18 
28 
36 
73 

106 
27 
48 
81 
35 

...49. 

"""26" 

82 

160 

"'ib' 

64 

41 
77 

28 
17 

3 

1 
1 

33 

54 
5 

3 

7 

9 

8 

35 

22 
1 

13 
4 
5 

4 
24 
3 
2 
5 

1 

4 

""'3' 

4 

32 

4 

9 

29 

12 

2 
1 

38 

'"is 

17 
6 
1 
3 

3 

7 
4 
3 

""2 

32 

66 

2 

7 
7 
11 
11 

26 

2 

34 

14 

6 

4 
38 
6 
4 
12 

4 
3 

13 
7 

43 
3 
11 
37 
16 

3 

1 

..... 

70 

46 
..... 

19 

10 
5 
4 
2 

5 

3 

6 
12 

2 
15 

9 

29 
31 

;;;;;; 

2 

24 

15 
10 
50 
95 

28 

34 
87 
79 
40 
57 

53 
9 
44 
32 
35 

44 
57 
63 
16 
36 

9 
15 
25 
19 

78 

103 
29 
92 
75 
51 

52 
9 
65 
18 
69 

98 
38 
24 
70 

36 
70 
96 
20 

"*io" 

57 

126 

27 

37 
145 

111 

45 

74 
12 
42 
34 
45 

60 
84 
46 
24 
40 

13 
33 
30 
41 
89 

115 
38 

114 
84 
54 

49 
6 

""*26" 
88 

160 

"*24" 

91 

41 
138 
103 

25 

5 

1 

6 

35 

55 

11 

5 
13 
15 

8 
38 

22 
1 

13 
4 
5 

6 
38 
10 
2 
5 

3 

4 

""""3" 

5 

46 
5 
20 
31 
13 

4 

2 

39 

""44' 

44 
11 

2 
56 

4 
15 

7 
7 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

6 

13 

...... 

5 
73 

54 

5 
2 

1 
6 

2 
6 
6 

1 

12 
..... 

2 

28 
32 

3 

Florida 

44 

Georgia 

66 

Idaho 

6 

Illinois 

9 

Indiana 

35 

43 

11 

Kentucky 

2 

3 
1 

11 
8 

2 
1 
6 
7 

3 

Louisiana 

26 

Maine 

2 

Mar  viand 

34 

14 

6 

Minnesota 

9 

1 
30 

28 
2 
3 

2 
14 

7 

8 
20 



12 

Mississippi 

58 

Missouri 

6 

4 

Nebraska 

5 

2 
3 
6 
16 

20 
8 

66 
2 

19 

22 

3 

6 

...... 

1 

21 

9 

29 

14 

4 
15 
2 
5 
16 

9 
11 

66 
3 
19 

....... 

6 

..... 

27 

2 

6 

2 
1 

18 

Nevada 

6 

New  Hampshire 

4 

New  Jersey 

7 

New  Mexico 

13 

New  York 

1 

14 

1 

11 

2 

2 

! 



31 

27 

5 

1 
53 

1 

8 
3 
4 

2 

20 
3 

13 
1 
2 

....„ 

...... 

107 

""*i3" 
1 

2 

9 

North  Carolina 

63 

North  Dakota 

6 

Ohio 

24 

Oklahoma 

38 

18 

Pennsylvania 

3 

Rhode  Island 

South  Dakota 

9 

Ty.nnessp-e 

70 

Texas 

46 

Utah 

Vermont 

2 

Virginia 

126 

Washington 

10 

West  Virginia 

36 

77 
8 

61 
75 
8 

18 

Wisconsin 

5 

Wyoming 

4 

Total 

1, 686 

515 

580 

239 

2,266 

754 

Returns  for  1917  incomplete. 


34 

ACT  OF  1914  PROVIDING  FOR  COOPERATIVE  AGRICULTURAL  EXTENSION 

WORK. 

[Smith-Lever  Act.] 

AX  ACT  To  provide  for  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work  between  the  agricultural  colleges  in  the 
several  States  receiving  the  benefits  of  an  act  of  Congress  approved  July  second,  eighteen  hundred  and 
si.xty-two.  and  of  acts  supplementary  thereto,  and  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  (  Ongress  assembled.  That  in  order  to  aid  in  diffusing  among  the  people  of  the  L:nited 
States  useful  and  practical  information  on  subjects  relating  to  agriculture  and  home 
economics,  and  to  encourage  the  application  of  the  same,  there  may  be  inaugurated 
in  connection  with  the  college  or  colleges  in  each  State  now  receiving,  or  which  may 
hereafter  receive,  the  benefits  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  July  second,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-two.  entitled  "An  act  donating  public  lands  to  the  several  States 
and  Territories  which  may  provide  colleges  for  the  benefit  of  agriculture  and  the 
mechanic  arts"  (Twelfth  Statutes  at  Large,  page  five  hundred  and  three),  and  of  the 
act  of  Congress  approved  August  Thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety  (Twenty- 
sixth.  Statutes  at  Large,  page  four  hundred  and  seventeen  and  chapter  eight  hundred 
■try-one i..  agricultural  extension  work  which  shall  be  carried  on  in  cooperation 
with  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture:  Prorided.  That  in  any  State  in 
which  two  or  more  such  colleges  have  been  or  hereafter  may  be  established  the  appro- 
priaiions  hereinafter  made  to  such  State  shall  be  administered  by  such  college  or 
colleges  as  the  legislature  of  such  State  may  direct:  Provided  further,  That,  pending 
the  inauguration  and  development  of  the  cooperative  extension  work  herein  author- 
ized, nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  to  discontinue  either  the  farm  manage- 
ment work  of  the  farmers'  cooperative  demonstration  work  as  now  conducted  by  the 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Sec.  2.  That  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work  shall  consist  of  the  giving 
of  instruction  and  practical  demonstrations  in  agriculture  and  home  economics  to 
persons  not  attending  or  resident  in  said  colleges  in  the  several  communities,  and 
imparting  to  such  persons  information  on  said  subjects  through  held  demonstrations, 
publications,  and  otherwise;  and  this  work  shall  be  carried  on  in  such  manner  as 
may  be  mutually  agreed  upon  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  and  the  State  agri- 
cultural college  or  colleges  receiving  the  benefits  of  this  act. 

Sec  3.  That  for  the  purpose  of  paying  the  expenses  of  said  cooperative  agricultural 
extension  work  and  the  necessary  printing  and  distributing  of  information  in  con- 
nection with  the  same,  there  is  permanently  appropriated,  out  of  any  money  in  the 
Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  the  sum  of  84S0.000  for  each  year,  $10,000  of 
which  shall  be  paid  annually,  in  the  manner  hereinafter  provided,  to  each  State 
which  shall  by  action  of  its  legislature  assent  to  the  provisions  of  this  act:  Prorided, 
That  payment  of  such  installments  of  the  appropriation  hereinbefore  made  as  shall 
become  due  to  any  State  before  the  adjournment  of  the  regular  session  of  the  legisla- 
ture meeting  next  after  the  passage  of  this  act  may.  in  the  absence  of  prior  legislative 
assent,  be  made  upon  the  assent  of  the  governor  thereof,  duly  certified  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury:  Provided  further,  That  there  is  also  appropriated  an  additional 
sum  of  S600.000  for  the  fiscal  year  following  that  in  which  the  foregoing  appropriation 
first  becomes  available,  and  for  each  year  thereafter  for  seven  years  a  sum  exceeding 
by  $500,000  the  sum  appropriated  for  each  preceding  year,  and  for  each  year  thereafter 
there  is  permanently  appropriated  for  each  year  the  sum  of  $4,100,000  in  addition  to 
the  sum  of  $4S0,000  hereinbefore  provided:  Provided  further,  That  before  the  funds 
herein  appropriated  shall  become  available  to  any  college  for  any  fiscal  year  plans 
for  the  work  to  be  carried  on  under  this  act  shall  be  submitted  by  the  proper  officials 
of  each  college  and  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture.  Such  additional  sums 
shall  be  used  only  for  the  purposes  hereinbefore  stated,  and  shall  be  allotted  annually 


35 

to  each  State  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  and  paid  in  the  manner  hereinbefore 
provided,  in  the  proportion  which  the  rural  population  of  each  State  bears  to  the  total 
rural  population  of  all  the  States  as  determined  by  the  next  preceding  Federal  census: 
Provided  further ,  That  no  payment  out  of  the  additional  appropriations  herein  pro- 
vided shall  be  made  in  any  year  to  any  State  until  an  equal  sum  has  been  appropri- 
ated for  that  year  by  the  legislature  of  such  State,  or  provided  by  State,  county,  col- 
lege, local  authority,  or  individual  contributions  from  within  the  State,  for  the  main- 
tenance of  the  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work  provided  for  in  this  act. 

4 .  That  the  sums  hereby  appropriated  for  extension  work  shall  be  paid  in  equal 
semiannual  payments  on  the  first  day  of  January  and  July  of  each  year  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  upon  the  warrant  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  out  of  the  Treasury 
of  the  United  States,  to  the  treasurer  or  other  officer  of  the  State  duly  authorized  by 
the  laws  of  the  State  to  receive  the  same;  and  such  officer  shall  be  required  to  report 
to  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  September  of  each  year, 
a  detailed  statement  of  the  amount  so  received  during  the  previous  fiscal  year,  and  of 
its  disbursement,  on  forms  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture. 

Sec.  5.  That  if  any  portion  of  the  moneys  received  by  the  designated  officer  of 
any  State  for  the  support  and  maintenance  of  cooperative  agricultural  extension 
as  provided  in  this  act,  shall  by  any  action  or  contingency  be  diminished  or 
lost  or  be  misapplied,  it  shall  be  replaced  by  said  State  to  which  it  belongs,  and  until 
so  replaced  no  subsequent  appropriation  shall  be  apportioned  or  paid  to  said  State, 
and  no  portion  of  said  moneys  shall  be  applied,  directly  or  indirectly,  to  the  pur- 
chase, erection,  preservation,  or  repair  of  any  building  or  buildings,  or  the  purchase 
or  rental  of  land,  or  in  college-course  teaching,  lectures  in  colleges,  promocing  agri- 
cultural trains,  or  any  other  purpose  not  specified  in  this  act.  and  not  more  than  five 
per  centum  of  each  annual  appropriation  shall  be  applied  to  the  printing  and  dis- 
tribution of  publications.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  of  said  colleges  annually,  on 
or  before  the  first  day  of  January,  to  make  to  the  governor  of  the  State  in  which  it  is 
located  a  full  and  detailed  report  of  its  operations  in  the  direction  of  extension  work 
as  defined  in  this  act,  including  a  detailed  statement  of  receipts  and  expenditures 
from  all  sources  for  this  purpose,  a  copy  of  which  report  shall  be  sent  to  the  Secretary 
of  Agriculture  and  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of  the  "Cnited  States. 

Sec\  6.  That  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  July  in  each  year  after  the  passage  of 
this  act  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  shall  ascertain  and  certifiy  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  as  to  each  State  whether  it  is  entitled  to  receive  its  share -of  the  annual 
appropriation  for  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work  under  this  act,  and  the 
amount  which  it  is  entitled  to  receive.  If  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  shall  with- 
hold a  certificate  from  any  State  of  its  appropriation,  the  facts  and  reasons  therefor 
shall  be  reported  to  the  President,  and  the  amount  involved  shall  be  kept  separate 
in  the  Treasury  until  the  expiration  of  the  Congress  next  succeeding  a  session  of  the 
legislature  of  any  State  from  which  a  certificate  has  been  withheld,  in  order  that  the 
State  may,  if  it  should  so  desire,  appeal  to  Congress  from  the  determination  of  the 
Secretary  of  Agriculture.  If  the  next  Congress  shall  not  direct  such  sum  to  be  paid, 
it  shall  be  covered  into  the  Treasury. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  shall  make  an  annual  report  to  Congress 
of  the  receipts,  expenditures,  and  results  of  the  cooperative  agricultural  extension 
work  in  all  of  the  States  receiving  the  benefits  of  this  act,  and  also  whether  the  appro- 
priation of  any  State  has  been  withheld,  and  if  so,  the  reasons  therefor. 

Sec.  8.  That  Congress  may  at  any  time  alter,  amend,  or  repeal  any  or  all  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act. 

Approved,  May  8,  1914  (38  Stat,  L.,  372). 

(Issued  April  4,  191S.) 


WASHINGTON  :  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  :  1918 


UNIVERSITY  OF  FLORIDA 


3  1262  08928  8129 


